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HomeMy WebLinkAbout13 - Digital Orthophotography & Two-Foot Contour ServicesCITY OF NEWPORT BEACH CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT Agenda Item No. 13 December 13, 2005 TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL FROM: Public Works Department, Stephen G. Badum, x3311, sbadum @city.newport - beach.ca.us Dennis Danner, x3121, ddanner @city.newport - beach.ca.us SUBJECT: DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY AND TWO -FOOT CONTOUR SERVICES — APPROVAL OF A PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH MERRICK & COMPANY RECOMMENDATION Approve a Professional Services Agreement with Merrick & Company for services to produce digital orthophotography and two -foot digital contours at a proposed cost of $148,566. BACKGROUND: In January 2001, the City contracted with Merrick & Company to perform digital orthophotographic services. The product provided by Merrick & Company is utilized daily by staff members for planning and analysis purposes. The existing data set is an integral component of the City's Geographic Information System (GIS) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) applications. It is also being widely accessed by residents using the City's Internet based mapping services, Digital orthophotography is computerized aerial photography that has been corrected in a manner that places all visible ground features in their true map position and also corrects displacement due to relief or tilt. Any other digital geographic data owned or created by the City in the same coordinate system precisely fits over the digital orthophotography in a true earth- referenced position. This high resolution imagery allows staff and web users to zoom in and see very small features on the ground. This makes the imagery useful for a large number of infrastructure planning, utility planning, operations, and management tasks within the City. Due to new development in the City, the existing digital orthophotography from 2001 is becoming less useful in many portions of the City. In 2001, digital contours were not part of the contracted services. In 2004 the City contracted with Merrick & Company to produce two -foot digital contours based on the 2001 imagery for the Buck Gully /Newport Coast area. This data is vital for continuing storm water assessment and other City projects. Unfortunately, due to the grading for development in the area, the contours are not a completely accurate representation of the current ground conditions. This new proposal includes the generation of two -foot digital contours for the entire City as well as the digital imagery. Subject: Digital Orthopholography and Two -Foot Contour Services — Approval of Professional Services Agreement with Merrick and Company December 13, 2005 Page 2 The proposal is based upon Los Angeles County's competitive selection for Digital Aerial Imagery Data and Services for the Los Angeles Region Imagery Acquisition Consortium (LAR -IAC). Los Angeles County (LAC) selected the team of Vargis /Merrick to perform the work which is currently in progress. (Vargis is the prime for the LAC work). The LAC contract involves a very similar scope of work needed over a much larger geographic area. The City will benefit from a cost savings of $35,119 due primarily to the reduced cost of equipment mobilization, as the contract is essentially an extension of services provided by the Vargis /Merrick team in LAC. In order to take advantage of the potential cost savings presented in this proposal, the Merrick & Company /VARGIS team (with Merrick as the prime contractor) will need a notice to proceed no later than December 14, 2005. This shortened timeline is due to the pre- arranged equipment scheduling of specialized aircraft that is being utilized for the LAC project. This timeline also precludes the opportunity of utilizing the RFP process for this project. Environmental Review: Not required. Funding Availability: Because of the general benefit to all City functions, the cost will be spread over several funds. There are sufficient funds available in the following accounts for the project: Account Description General Fund — Miscellaneous Studies Contributions — City Aerial Water Enterprise — Aerial Photos Water Enterprise — Aerial Photos Transportation & Circulation — Aerial Photos Measure M — Turnback — Aerial Photos Prepared by Robert Stein, P. E. Principal Civil Engineer Prepared by: !J Rob MurpKy v GIS Coordinator Account Number Amount 7014- C5100763 $35,000.00 7251- C5100763 $40,000.00 7501- C5100763 $22,000.00 7531- C5100763 $22,000.00 7261- C5100763 $22,000.00 7281- C5100763 $22,000.00 Total: $163,000.00 Submitted; -� �Steph`6n G. -Badum Public Works Director ,. - - Submitted by Dennis Danner ` Director of Administrative Services Attachment: Professional Services Agreement PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH MERRICK & COMPANY FOR CITY- WIDE AERIAL PHOTOS AND CONTOURS OF NEWPORT BEACH THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into as of this day of 2005, by and between the CITY OF NEWPORT BEACH, a Municipal Corporation ( "City "), and MERRICK & COMPANY, a Colorado corporation whose address is 5755 Mark Dabling Boulevard, Suite 350, Colorado Springs, CO, 80919 ( "Consultant'), and is made with reference to the following: RECITALS A. City is a municipal corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of California with the power to carry on its business as it is now being conducted under the statutes of the State of California and the Charter of City. B. City is planning to update city -wide aerial photos and contours for the City of Newport Beach. C. City desires to engage Consultant to prepare aerial photos of the City as described in Attachment A ( "Project'). D. Consultant possesses the skill, experience, ability, background, certification and knowledge to provide the services described in this Agreement. E. The principal member of Consultant for purposes of Project, shall be Brian Raber, Vice President. F. City has solicited and received a proposal from Consultant, has reviewed the previous experience and evaluated the expertise of Consultant, and desires to retain Consultant to render professional services under the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed by and between the undersigned parties as follows: 1. TERM The term of this Agreement shall commence on the above written date, and shall terminate on the 3151 day of December, 2006, unless terminated earlier as set forth herein. 2. SERVICES TO BE PERFORMED Consultant shall diligently perform all the services described in the Scope of Services attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by reference. The City may elect to delete certain tasks of the Scope of Services at its sole discretion. 3. TIME OF PERFORMANCE Time is of the essence in the performance of services under this Agreement and Consultant shall perform the services in accordance with the schedule included in Exhibit A. The failure by Consultant to strictly adhere to the schedule may result in termination of this Agreement by City. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Consultant shall not be responsible for delays due to causes beyond Consultant's reasonable control. However, in the case of any such delay in the services to be provided for the Project, each party hereby agrees to provide notice to the other party so that all delays can be addressed. 3.1 Consultant shall submit all requests for extensions of time for performance in writing to the Project Administrator not later than ten (10) calendar days after the start of the condition that purportedly causes a delay. The Project Administrator shall review all such requests and may grant reasonable time extensions for unforeseeable delays that are beyond Consultant's control. 3.2 For all time periods not specifically set forth herein, Consultant shall respond in the most expedient and appropriate manner under the circumstances, by either telephone, fax, hand - delivery or mail. 4. COMPENSATION TO CONSULTANT City shall pay Consultant for services described in the Scope of Service attached hereto as Exhibit A during the term of the Agreement based on the percent of work performed to the City's satisfaction. Consultant's compensation for all work performed in accordance with this Agreement, including all reimbursable items and subconsultant fees, shall not exceed One Hundred Forty -Eight Thousand, Five Hundred Sixty -Six Dollars and no /100 ($148,566.00) without additional authorization from City. 4.1 Consultant shall submit monthly invoices to City describing the work performed the preceding month. Consultant's bills shall include the name of the person who performed the work, a brief description of the services performed and /or the specific task in the Scope of Services to which it relates, the date the services were performed, and a description of any reimbursable expenditures. City shall pay Consultant no later than thirty (30) days after approval of the monthly invoice by City staff. 4.2 City shall reimburse Consultant only for those costs or expenses specifically approved in this Agreement, or specifically approved in advance by City. Unless otherwise approved, such costs shall be limited and include nothing more than the following costs incurred by Consultant E A. The actual costs of subconsultants for performance of any of the services that Consultant agrees to render pursuant to this Agreement, which have been approved in advance by City and awarded in accordance with this Agreement. B. Approved reproduction charges. C. Actual costs and /or other costs and /or payments specifically authorized in advance in writing and incurred by Consultant in the performance of this Agreement. 4.3 Consultant shall not receive any compensation for Extra Work performed without the prior written authorization of City. As used herein, "Extra Work" means any work that is determined by City to be necessary for the proper completion of the Project, but which is not included within the Scope of Services and which the parties did not reasonably anticipate would be necessary at the execution of this Agreement. 5. PROJECT MANAGER Consultant shall designate a Project Manager, who shall coordinate all phases of the Project. This Project Manager shall be available to City at all reasonable times during the Agreement term. Consultant has designated Brian Holzworth to be its Project Manager. Consultant shall not remove or reassign the Project Manager or any personnel listed in Exhibit A or assign any new or replacement personnel to the Project without the prior written consent of City. City's approval shall not be unreasonably withheld with respect to the removal or assignment of non -key personnel. Consultant, at the sole discretion of City, shall remove from the Project any of its personnel assigned to the performance of services upon written request of City. Consultant warrants that it will continuously furnish the necessary personnel to complete the Project on a timely basis as contemplated by this Agreement. 6. ADMINISTRATION This Agreement will be administered by the Public Works Department. Robert Stein shall be the Project Administrator and shall have the authority to act for City under this Agreement. The Project Administrator or his authorized representative shall represent City in all matters pertaining to the services to be rendered pursuant to this Agreement. 7. CITY'S RESPONSIBILITIES In order to assist Consultant in the execution of its responsibilities under this Agreement, City agrees to, where applicable: Provide access to, and upon request of Consultant, one copy of all existing relevant information on file at City. City will provide all such materials in a timely manner so as not to cause delays in Consultant's work schedule. 3 8. STANDARD OF CARE 8.1 All of the services shall be performed by Consultant or under Consultant's supervision. Consultant represents that it possesses the professional and technical personnel required to perform the services required by this Agreement, and that it will perform all services in a manner commensurate with community professional standards. All services shall be performed by qualified and experienced personnel who are not employed by City, nor have any contractual relationship with City. 8.2 Consultant represents and warrants to City that it has or shall obtain all licenses, permits, qualifications, insurance and approvals of whatsoever nature that are legally required of Consultant to practice its profession. Consultant further represents and warrants to City that Consultant shall, at its sole cost and expense, keep in effect or obtain at all times during the term of this Agreement, any and all licenses, permits, insurance and other approvals that are legally required of Consultant to practice its profession. Consultant shall maintain a City of Newport Beach business license during the term of this Agreement. 8.3 Consultant shall not be responsible for delay, nor shall Consultant be responsible for damages or be in default or deemed to be in default by reason of strikes, lockouts, accidents, or acts of God, or the failure of City to furnish timely information or to approve or disapprove Consultant's work promptly, or delay or faulty performance by City, contractors, or governmental agencies. 9. HOLD HARMLESS To the fullest extent permitted by law, Consultant shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless City, its City Council, boards and commissions, officers, agents and employees (collectively, the "Indemnified Parties ") from and against any and all claims (including, without limitation, claims for bodily injury, death or damage to property), demands, obligations, damages, actions, causes of action, suits, losses, judgments, fines, penalties, liabilities, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, attorney's fees, disbursements and court costs) of every kind and nature whatsoever (individually, a Claim; collectively, "Claims "), which may arise from or in any manner relate (directly or indirectly) to any work performed or services provided under this Agreement (including, without limitation, defects in workmanship or materials and /or design defects [if the design originated with Consultant]) or Consultant's presence or activities conducted on the Project (including the negligent and /or willful acts, errors and /or omissions of Consultant, its principals, officers, agents, employees, vendors, suppliers, consultants, subcontractors, anyone employed directly or indirectly by any of them or for whose acts they may be liable or any or all of them). Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall be construed to require Consultant to indemnify the Indemnified Parties from any Claim arising from the sole negligence or willful misconduct of the Indemnified Parties. Nothing in this indemnity shall be construed as authorizing any award of attorney's fees in any action on or to enforce the terms of this Agreement. This indemnity shall apply to all claims and liability regardless of whether any insurance policies are applicable. The policy limits do not act as a limitation upon the amount of indemnification to be provided by the Consultant. 10. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR It is understood that City retains Consultant on an independent contractor basis and Consultant is not an agent or employee of City. The manner and means of conducting the work are under the control of Consultant, except to the extent they are limited by statute, rule or regulation and the expressed terms of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute approval for Consultant or any of Consultant's employees or agents, to be the agents or employees of City. Consultant shall have the responsibility for and control over the means of performing the work, provided that Consultant is in compliance with the terms of this Agreement. Anything in this Agreement that may appear to give City the right to direct Consultant as to the details of the performance or to exercise a measure of control over Consultant shall mean only that Consultant shall follow the desires of City with respect to the results of the services. 11. COOPERATION Consultant agrees to work closely and cooperate fully with City's designated Project Administrator and any other agencies that may have jurisdiction or interest in the work to be performed. City agrees to cooperate with the Consultant on the Project. 12. CITY POLICY Consultant shall discuss and review all matters relating to policy and Project direction with City's Project Administrator in advance of all critical decision points in order to ensure the Project proceeds in a manner consistent with City goals and policies. 13. PROGRESS Consultant is responsible for keeping the Project Administrator and /or his /her duly authorized designee informed on a regular basis regarding the status and progress of the Project, activities performed and planned, and any meetings that have been scheduled or are desired. 14. INSURANCE Without limiting Consultant's indemnification of City, and prior to commencement of work Consultant shall obtain, provide and maintain at its own expense during the term of this Agreement, a policy or policies of liability insurance of the type and amounts described below and in a form satisfactory to City. A. Certificates of Insurance, Consultant shall provide certificates of insurance with original endorsements to City as evidence of the insurance coverage required herein. Insurance certificates must be approved by City's Risk Manager prior to commencement of performance or issuance of any permit. Current certification of insurance shall be kept on file with City's at all times during the term of this Agreement. B. Signature. A person authorized by the insurer to bind coverage on its behalf shall sign certification of all required policies. C. Acceptable Insurers. All insurance policies shall be issued by an insurance company currently authorized by the Insurance Commissioner to transact business of insurance in the State of California, with an assigned policyholders' Rating of A (or higher) and Financial Size Category Class VII (or larger) in accordance with the latest edition of Best's Key Rating Guide, unless otherwise approved by the City's Risk Manager. D. Coverage Requirements. Workers' Compensation Coveraqe. Consultant shall maintain Workers' Compensation Insurance and Employer's Liability Insurance for his or her employees in accordance with the laws of the State of California. In addition, Consultant shall require each subcontractor to similarly maintain Workers' Compensation Insurance and Employer's Liability Insurance in accordance with the laws of the State of California for all of the subcontractor's employees. Any notice of cancellation or non - renewal of all Workers' Compensation policies must be received by City at least thirty (30) calendar days prior to such change (10 day written notice for nonpayment of premium). The insurer shall agree to waive all rights of subrogation against City, its officers, agents, employees and volunteers for losses arising from work performed by Consultant for City. ii. General Liability Coverage. Consultant shall maintain commercial general liability insurance in an amount not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence for bodily injury, personal injury, and property damage, including without limitation, contractual liability. If commercial general liability insurance or other form with a general aggregate limit is used, either the general aggregate limit shall apply separately to the work to be performed under this Agreement, or the general aggregate limit shall be at least twice the required occurrence limit. i. _Automobile Liability Coverage. Consultant shall maintain automobile insurance covering bodily injury and property damage Cy for all activities of the Consultant arising out of or in connection with work to be performed under this Agreement, including coverage for any owned, hired, non -owned or rented vehicles, in an amount not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000) combined single limit for each occurrence. iv. Professional Errors and Omissions Insurance. Consultant shall maintain professional errors and omissions insurance, which covers the services to be performed in connection with this Agreement in the minimum amount of one million dollars ($1,000,000). E. Endorsements. Each general liability and automobile liability insurance policy shall be endorsed with the following specific language: i. The City, its elected or appointed officers, officials, employees, agents and volunteers are to be covered as additional insureds with respect to liability arising out of work performed by or on behalf of the Consultant. ii. This policy shall be considered primary insurance as respects to City, its elected or appointed officers, officials, employees, agents and volunteers as respects to all claims, losses, or liability arising directly or indirectly from the Consultant's operations or services provided to City. Any insurance maintained by City, including any self- insured retention City may have, shall be considered excess insurance only and not contributory with the insurance provided hereunder. iii. This insurance shall act for each insured and additional insured as though a separate policy had been written for each, except with respect to the limits of liability of the insuring company. V. The insurer waives all rights of subrogation against City, its elected or appointed officers, officials, employees, agents and volunteers. V. Any failure to comply with reporting provisions of the policies shall not affect coverage provided to City, its elected or appointed officers, officials, employees, agents or volunteers. vi. The insurance provided by this policy shall not be suspended, voided, canceled, or reduced in coverage or in limits, by either party except after thirty (30) calendar days written notice has been received by City (10 day written notice for nonpayment of premium). F. Timely Notice of Claims. Consultant shall give City prompt and timely notice of claim made or suit instituted arising out of or resulting from Consultant's performance under this Agreement. 7 G. Additional Insurance. Consultant shall also procure and maintain, at its own cost and expense, any additional kinds of insurance, which in its own judgment may be necessary for its proper protection and prosecution of the work. 15. PROHIBITION AGAINST ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS Except as specifically authorized under this Agreement, the services to be provided under this Agreement shall not be assigned, transferred contracted or subcontracted out without the prior written approval of City. Any of the following shall be construed as an assignment: The sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of any of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Consultant, or of the interest of any general partner or joint venturer or syndicate member or cotenant if Consultant is a partnership or joint- venture or syndicate or cotenancy, which shall result in changing the control of Consultant. Control means fifty percent (50 %) or more of the voting power, or twenty -five percent (25 %) or more of the assets of the corporation, partnership or joint- venture. 16. SUBCONTRACTING City and Consultant agree that subconsultants may be used to complete the work outlined in the Scope of Services. The subconsultants authorized by City to perform work on this Project are identified in Exhibit A. Consultant shall be fully responsible to City for all acts and omissions of the subcontractor. Nothing in this Agreement shall create any contractual relationship between City and subcontractor nor shall it create any obligation on the part of City to pay or to see to the payment of any monies due to any such subcontractor other than as otherwise required by law. Except as specifically authorized herein, the services to be provided under this Agreement shall not be otherwise assigned, transferred, contracted or subcontracted out without the prior written approval of City. 17. OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS Each and every report, draft, map, record, plan, document and other writing produced (hereinafter "Documents "), prepared or caused to be prepared by Consultant, its officers, employees, agents and subcontractors, in the course of implementing this Agreement, shall become the exclusive property of City, and City shall have the sole right to use such materials in its discretion without further compensation to Consultant or any other party. Consultant shall, at Consultant's expense, provide such Documents to City upon prior written request. Documents, including drawings and specifications, prepared by Consultant pursuant to this Agreement are not intended or represented to be suitable for reuse by City or others on any other project. Any use of completed Documents for other projects and any use of incomplete Documents without specific written authorization from Consultant will be at City's sole risk and without liability to Consultant. Further, any and all liability arising out of changes made to Consultant's deliverables under this Agreement by City or persons other than 9 Consultant is waived against Consultant and City assumes full responsibility for such changes unless City has given Consultant prior notice and has received from Consultant written consent for such changes. 18. COMPUTER DELIVERABLES All written documents shall be transmitted to City in the City's latest adopted version of Microsoft Word and Excel. 19. CONFIDENTIALITY All Documents, including drafts, preliminary drawings or plans, notes and communications that result from the services in this Agreement, shall be kept confidential unless City authorizes in writing the release of information. 20. OPINION OF COST Any opinion of the construction cost prepared by Consultant represents his /her judgment as a design professional and is supplied for the general guidance of City. Since Consultant has no control over the cost of labor and material, or over competitive bidding or market conditions, Consultant does not guarantee the accuracy of such opinions as compared to contractor bids or actual cost to City. 21. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INDEMNITY The Consultant shall defend and indemnify City, its agents, officers, representatives and employees against any and all liability, including costs, for infringement of any United States' letters patent, trademark, or copyright infringement, including costs, contained in Consultant's drawings and specifications provided under this Agreement. 22. RECORDS Consultant shall keep records and invoices in connection with the work to be performed under this Agreement. Consultant shall maintain complete and accurate records with respect to the costs incurred under this Agreement and any services, expenditures and disbursements charged to City, for a minimum period of three (3) years, or for any longer period required by law, from the date of final payment to Consultant under this Agreement. All such records and invoices shall be clearly identifiable. Consultant shall allow a representative of City to examine, audit and make transcripts or copies of such records and invoices during regular business hours. Consultant shall allow inspection of all work, data, Documents, proceedings and activities related to the Agreement for a period of three (3) years from the date of final payment to Consultant under this Agreement. 9 23. WITHHOLDINGS City may withhold payment to Consultant of any disputed sums until satisfaction of the dispute with respect to such payment. Such withholding shall not be deemed to constitute a failure to pay according to the terms of this Agreement. Consultant shall not discontinue work as a result of such withholding. Consultant shall have an immediate right to appeal to the City Manager or his /her designee with respect to such disputed sums. Consultant shall be entitled to receive interest on any withheld sums at the rate of return that City earned on its investments during the time period, from the date of withholding of any amounts found to have been improperly withheld. 24. ERRORS AND OMISSIONS In the event of errors or omissions that are due to the negligence or professional inexperience of Consultant which result in expense to City greater than what would have resulted if there were not errors or omissions in the work accomplished by Consultant, the additional design, construction and /or restoration expense shall be borne by Consultant. Nothing in this paragraph is intended to limit City's rights under any other sections of this Agreement. 25. CITY'S RIGHT TO EMPLOY OTHER CONSULTANTS City reserves the right to employ other Consultants in connection with the Project. 26. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The Consultant or its employees may be subject to the provisions of the California Political Reform Act of 1974 (the "Act "), which (1) requires such persons to disclose any financial interest that may foreseeably be materially affected by the work performed under this Agreement, and (2) prohibits such persons from making, or participating in making, decisions that will foreseeably financially affect such interest. If subject to the Act, Consultant shall conform to all requirements of the Act. Failure to do so constitutes a material breach and is grounds for immediate termination of this Agreement by City. Consultant shall indemnify and hold harmless City for any and all claims for damages resulting from Consultant's violation of this Section. 27. NOTICES All notices, demands, requests or approvals to be given under the terms of this Agreement shall be given in writing, to City by Consultant and conclusively shall be deemed served when delivered personally, or on the third business day after the deposit thereof in the United States mail, postage prepaid, first -class mail, addressed as hereinafter provided. All notices, demands, requests or approvals from Consultant to City shall be addressed to City at: 10 Attn: Robert Stein Public Works Department City of Newport Beach 3300 Newport Boulevard Newport Beach, CA, 92663 Phone: 949 - 644 -3322 Fax: 949 - 644 -3308 All notices, demands, requests or approvals from CITY to Consultant shall be addressed to Consultant at: Attention: Mr. Brian Holzworth Merrick & Company 5755 Mark Dabling Boulevard, Suite 350 Colorado Springs, CO 80919 Phone: 800 - 544 -1714, 719 - 260 -8874 Fax: 719 - 260 -6098 28. TERMINATION In the event that either party fails or refuses to perform any of the provisions of this Agreement at the time and in the manner required, that party shall be deemed in default in the performance of this Agreement. If such default is not cured within a period of two (2) calendar days, or if more than two (2) calendar days are reasonably required to cure the default and the defaulting party fails to give adequate assurance of due performance within two (2) calendar days after receipt of written notice of default, specifying the nature of such default and the steps necessary to cure such default, the non - defaulting party may terminate the Agreement forthwith by giving to the defaulting party written notice thereof. Notwithstanding the above provisions, City shall have the right, at its sole discretion and without cause, of terminating this Agreement at any time by giving seven (7) calendar days prior written notice to Consultant. In the event of termination under this Section, City shall pay Consultant for services satisfactorily performed and costs incurred up to the effective date of termination for which Consultant has not been previously paid. On the effective date of termination, Consultant shall deliver to City all reports, Documents and other information developed or accumulated in the performance of this Agreement, whether in draft or final form. 29. COMPLIANCE WITH ALL LAWS Consultant shall at its own cost and expense comply with all statutes, ordinances, regulations and requirements of all governmental entities, including federal, state, county or municipal, whether now in force or hereinafter enacted. In addition, all work prepared by Consultant shall conform to applicable City, 11 county, state and federal laws, rules, regulations and permit requirements and be subject to approval of the Project Administrator and City. 30. WAIVER A waiver by either party of any breach, of any term, covenant or condition contained herein shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or any other term, covenant or condition contained herein, whether of the same or a different character. 31. INTEGRATED CONTRACT This Agreement represents the full and complete understanding of every kind or nature whatsoever between the parties hereto, and all preliminary negotiations and agreements of whatsoever kind or nature are merged herein. No verbal agreement or implied covenant shall be held to vary the provisions herein. 32. CONFLICTS OR INCONSISTENCIES In the event there are any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Agreement and the Scope of Services or any other attachments attached hereto, the terms of this Agreement shall govern. 33. AMENDMENTS This Agreement may be modified or amended only by a written document executed by both Consultant and City and approved as to form by the City Attorney. 34. SEVERABILITY If any term or portion of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal, or otherwise unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect. 35. CONTROLLING LAW AND VENUE The laws of the State of California shall govern this Agreement and all matters relating to it and any action brought relating to this Agreement shall be adjudicated in a court of competent jurisdiction in the County of Orange. 36. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYMENT Consultant represents that it is an equal opportunity employer and it shall not discriminate against any subcontractor, employee or applicant for employment because of race, religion, color, national origin, handicap, ancestry, sex or age. [SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE] 12 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first written above. APPROVED AS TO FORM: By: Aaron C. Harp Assistant City Attorney ATTEST: No LaVonne Harkless, City Clerk CITY OF NEWPORT BEACH, A Municipal Corporation Mayor for the City of Newport Beach MERRICK & COMPANY: By:_ Title: (Corporate Officer) Print Name: By: (Financial Officer) Title: I=00IF1iiLa1 Attachments: Exhibit A — Scope of Services F :IUSERSIPBW1SharedWgreements\FY 05- 061Merrick- Aerial Photos.doc 13 Exhibit A oio MERRICK° 000 BUILOINQ QUALITY 5OLUTIONS Merrick. S Company 5755 Mark Dabling Blvd. Sude 350 Colorado Springs, CO 60919 -2247 Phone 719- 260 - 8874 /Fax 719 - 260 -6098 ,,. memck cam November 14, 2005 Rod Murphy GIS Coordinator Administrative Services City of Newport Beach 3300 Newport Beach, CA 92663 RE: City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contour Proposal Dear Mr. Murphy; Merrick & Company (Merrick) is an employee- owned, multidiscipline engineering firm ranked 175 in Engineering News Record's "Top 500 Engineering Firms" We have been headquartered in Aurora, Colorado since 1955 and have offices in Colorado Springs, Los Alamos, Albuquerque, Guadalajara Mexico, and Duluth (Atlanta). Merrick is an organization of approximately 400 professionals, with over 80 employees in the Geo- Spatial Solutions team providing internationally recognized precision land based solutions. As you are aware, Merrick is offering the City of Newport Beach professional geo spatial services as an extension of the services competitively competed contract awarded to the VARGIS / Merrick & Company team in LA County. As such this VARGIS / Merrick proposal offers an opportunity to significantly decrease the cost of services (— $35,000 in savings — see cost proposal), reduce start-up time, and reduce City of Newport staff time in the creation /review of proposals as a result of an RFP process. Additionally, Merrick, having previously provided digital imagery and contour services to Newport Beach, is aware of those issues within the project that are unique to Newport and thus uniquely qualified to continue providing precision geo database services to the City of Newport Beach. We appreciate the opportunity to again provide services to the City of Newport Beach and look forward to another successful project. Should you have any questions or require additional information, please feel free to contact me. In order to take advantage of the LA Contract, the VARGIS / Merrick Team needs to receive a notice to proceed by December 14, 2005. Please consider this proposal valid until said time. Sincerely, Merrick &Company ' �_". "� Torin Haskell Senior Account Manager Merrick & Company 5755 Mark Cabling Blvd., Suite 350 Colorado Springs. CO 80919 800 -544 -1714 Torin.haskell @merrick.com Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contour The proposed lump sum includes the services /deliverables outlined, including those costs associated with: Aerial Imagery LIDAR Ground Control FDAAT Digital Ortho Rectification True Ortho Rectification in Identified Areas Breakline Collection Final surface to Support 2' Contour (DTM) 2' Contour Wall Mosaic (digital version — 2' pixel) Total proposed fee: $148,566.00* * Fee recognizes the following cost savings resulting form utilizing the Los Angeles County competitive selection (Digital Aerial Imagery Data And Services For The Los Angeles Region Imagery Acquisition Consortium — LAR -IAC): LIDAR sensor (ALS50) - proximity savings $17,119 Digital sensor-(DMC) - .proximity savings $18.000 Total savings $35,119 Notice to proceed must be received by the VARGIS / Merrick team no later than December 14, 2005 to realize proximity savings. 011-1 Proposal to Provide City —Wide Aerial Photos and Contour City of Newport Beach City of Newport Beach Proposed Schedule Mapping Task Start Finish 1. Notice to proceed 12/14/05 2. Aerial Photography Acquisition 12/15/05 1/20/06 J. LiDAR Acquisition 12/15/05 1/20/06 4. Photo ID Control 1/23/06 2/17/06 5. LiDAR Filter, Edit, 1/23/06 3/10/06 6. Fully Digital Analytical Digital Aerotriangulation (FDA-AT) 2/20/06 3/17/06 7. Deliver Prototype Project ( -4 tiles all products) 3/31/06 8. City of NPB Prototype Review 4/3/06 4/14/06 9. Breakline Compilation 3/20/06 4/28/06 10. Contour Generation, QC, Edit 5/1/06 5/26/06 11. Digital Othophotography Rectification & Processing 3/13/06 5/26/06 12. Final Contour Formatting 5/29/06 6/23/06 13. City of NPB Ortho & Contour Review and Acceptance 5/29/06 7/21/06 14. Project Close -out 7/25/06 November 14, 2005 C:"a*ehnq%Newp n%Te miWlg prq' .00 Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours Citv of Newport Beach The following outline provides a description of the significant procedures /milestones that will occur throughout the project. I. A project kick -off meeting will be held between The City of Newport Beach (Newport) and the MerrickfVargis team (Merrick) to review all technical and administrative aspects of the project. We recommend that the format of this meeting be a "hands -on" workshop environment to facilitate the exchange of quality information. To assist Newport, Merrick will present data from a similar GIS project. 2. Prior to the kick -off meeting, Newport will be provided an agenda for the meeting. The specific topics to be addressed include: • Review the proposed flight and ground control scheme and modify as necessary to meet project requirements • Brief Newport on LIDAR implementation issues such as flight plan, safety, accuracy, etc. • Discuss /review tiling requirements • Review accuracy requirements • Review project control datums and units • Review Merrick's QA/QC procedures • Define the location of the prototype area • Determine acceptance criteria for all deliverable products • Identify points of contact and develop communication protocol • Develop Project Status Report requirements • Review invoicing procedures 3. Following the kick -off meeting, a detailed memorandum will be forwarded to the Newport project manager to clarify and document the decisions and discussion items of the kick -off meeting. Following the technical section, there are also additional sections that outline Merrick's specific quality control procedures, project management philosophy, project deliverables, and client - provided products for this project. I. In order to prepare the initial start-up documentation, all of the items discussed during the kick -off meeting will be resolved. 2. Merrick's project manager will develop internal, project - specific documentation as a reference for the production staff. This Project Summary outlines the scope of work, project specifications, deliverables, project schedule, technical procedures, and the quality assurance plan. 3. A kick -off meeting with Merrick's project manager and key production staff is held to review all aspects of the project. 4. Merrick prepares its production facility for the project. The primary tasks that are integrated in preparation of beginning the project are: • Scheduling of resources (equipment and personnel) • Customizing in -house software tools, as necessary MERRICK° @UILOING QUALITY OOLUTIONS November 14, 2005 C. \maM1elrng \Newpo� \Ted�mwl All. doc Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours Citv of Newport Beach ■ Customizing QC checklists for each department specific to this project 5. A project of this magnitude requires a start-up period of approximately three weeks. Once the information is gathered and/or tested, the team is ready to begin the next step of the project. ,SURVEY NEw GROUND CONTROL Merrick will establish 32 control points throughout the project area. These ground control points, in conjunction with Airborne GPS control, will support the accuracy requirements of the project. Merrick understands that the accuracy standards to be used for this project are National Map Accuracy Standards (LAMAS), as it pertains to 1 " =] 00' scale mapping. Merrick proposes to target and survey all new ground control points. The intent of this new control is for the support of this project only, and permanent monumentation is not being proposed. All new monuments will be temporary (i.e., PK nail or rebar and cap.) Merrick proposes the use of conventional ground Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques to establish the primary control locations. Static, Rapid Static, and Kinematic GPS techniques shall be incorporated for the points required to complete the mapping. 1. Johnson Frank and Associates (Johnson Frank) will provide the ground surveying services. With significant surveying experience in various locations throughout the region, Johnson Frank will provide the local surveying knowledge necessary to support the high accuracy requirements for the project. 2. Johnson Frank's survey team shall provide the horizontal and vertical control points required for this mapping project using their Trimble surveying equipment. 3. The horizontal accuracy shall be Second Order, Class 11, GPS or better. The vertical accuracy will meet Third Order specifications. 4. All horizontal control will be referenced to the California State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS), Zone 6, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Final coordinates will be provided in US Survey Feet. The project vertical control datum will be based on the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). The project vertical control network will include a review of existing NGS monuments within the region. All new control points will be referenced to the NGS network. 5. A minimum of three receivers, observing simultaneously, will be used in a "leap frog" approach to GPS observations. Repeat baseline measurements will amount to approximately 20% with about equal numbers in the north - south and east -west directions. 6. All antenna heights will be measured in both meters and feet to guarantee and verify an accurate receiver setup. Reviewing processed raw data and running loop closure checks will check survey data collected daily from the field by receivers. 7. Loop closure tests of GPS observations will be performed to validate the integrity of the data. Closures on the GPS network show the resulting MERRICK° OUILOINO QUALITY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach precision ratio in parts per million (PPM). Results are shown for each day of observations and for the entire project. Coordinates are referenced to latitude and longitude, while height is an ellipsoid value. The total distance traveled along the traverse is displayed together with the accuracy in PPM. In addition, the misclosure by the difference in X, Y, and Z Cartesian coordinates (dx, dy, dz) is shown. Loop closures are done before any adjustment and before any constrainment of the GPS network. The latitude and longitude coordinates and ellipsoid heights from loop closures are not to be used as final coordinates. 8. An error ellipse is used to show each point's expected horizontal coordinate standard error. The scale of the plots is shown by the bar ticks running through the ellipses and by the tag at the bottom of the page of the display indicating the bar scale tick value. The scale is the some for all pages of the displayed ellipses. The point name is shown at the lower left of each ellipse and the angle (measured counter - clockwise from the positive east bar scale) made by the major ellipse axis is shown at the lower right. The sigma scalar shows the ellipses in the 95% confidence region. 9. The flight line /control diagram for the Newport project has been provided in the Appendix section of this proposal. This diagram indicates the general location for our proposed control/panels. 10. Johnson Frank will generate the "Ground Control Report," which documents the results of the GPS survey. This report will be a comprehensive narrative of all aspects of the UPS data collection process. CONTROL PANELING I . Prior to the aerial photography mission, Johnson Frank will panel the photo control points so they will be visible on the aerial photography. Merrick will coordinate the targeting and aerial photography tasks to ensure that the targeting is complete before beginning the photography mission. 2. When possible, Johnson Frank will use white paint to mark the location of each control point. White vinyl material (3 -ply thick) will be utilized for all those points that cannot be painted. 3. The shape of each panel will be either a "Y" or "X." The length of each panel leg will be 6 feet in length and 16 inches wide. 4. All vinyl targets will be inspected before the acquisition of photography to validate proper positioning and condition. 5. All vinyl panel material will be removed upon completion and acceptance of the aerial photography. ACQUIRE DIGITAL AERIAL IMAGERY 1. Merrick will use 3001 California to perform the imaging mission. 3001's aircraft is equipped with GPS navigation and an on -board receiver to accomplish the sensor positioning for the aerotriangulation. 2. 3001 will provide a Zeiss DMC digital mapping sensor/cameras for this project. . November gNe4 005 ❑❑i❑❑ MERRICK° C: \madetinglNewporl \TecM1nilal ApproacM1.CO< ❑ ❑❑ OUILOINO OUALITV •OLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 4 3. The aerial imagery will conform to industry standards established by the American Society for Photogranametry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). The following parameters apply for the aerial photography for this project: -57 Square Mile Flight Area Sensor T ype Color— Zeiss DMC Forward Lap 60% Side Lap 30% Number of AGPS Eposures 1,177 Supporting ixel size 0.25' True Ortho Flight Area (6 identified areas, —1.5 square miles) Forward Lap Side Lg .� 4. The aerial photography shall be flown on, or near, the agreed date by Merrick and the Newport project manager, weather permitting. Merrick anticipates that the aerial photography phase will be initiated in late December 2005 to early January, 2006. 5. Once the imagery has been inspected, Merrick shall provide samples of several areas of the project for viewing on Newport workstations. The samples will simulate the final pixel resolution. They will be used to form a consensus on the ortho quality that will be generated. 'AIRBORNE GPS (AGPS) Airborne GPS (AGPS) technology provides supplemental control as input to the aerotriangulation adjustment. During the photography mission, GPS data are collected in the aircraft at timed intervals. Ground receivers also collect GPS data during the photo mission. Using sophisticated post - processing software completing differential calculations, the air station coordinates can be derived for each photograph and the instant of exposure. These air station coordinates are subsequently transformed to ground "control," relative to the proper horizontal and vertical datum, during the aerotriangulation process. Airborne GPS offers the following advantages: • Sipnificantly Reduced Ground Control Requirements • Time Savings — with reduced ground control requirements and ability to rapidly acquire project control through AGPS, the overall project schedule can be reduced. • Reduced Problems with Accessibility — AGPS offers some flexibility in the placement of ground points. Control points normally required for conventional mapping projects in remote areas may not be necessary or may be moved with AGPS- assisted surveys. • Additional Control — since AGPS control (subsequently transformed to ground control) is acquired for each exposure, the number of actual control stations is densified by comparison to "classical" photogrammetric control configurations. November14,2%Te oi❑❑ MERRICK° November 14, 2005 mwl MOroachEn. ❑ ❑❑ NUILOINO OUYLIT♦ SMU10N0 Proposal to Provide COU City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 5 The following outlines Merrick's procedures for obtaining and processing AGPS data: Mission Planning I. Mission planning is a critical aspect of the AGPS phase. The resulting accuracy of AGPS is highly dependent on appropriate satellite configurations. Proper mission planning defines the number and position of the satellites, by time, on the day of the aerial photography flight. 2. A minimum of five (5) observable satellites (and preferably 6 to 9 satellites) combined with a low Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP) will achieve the desired results. Certain segments of time during the flight may have too few satellites or poor PDOP conditions. During these segments of time the aircraft can stay aloft and can complete reconnaissance, but cannot acquire photography. When the number of satellites increases and the PDOP achieves acceptable levels, the aerial photography can resume. 3. AFS plans to use a minimum of two (2) GPS base stations during the photography mission. Support by at least two (2) ground base stations is the best way to ensure redundancy in differential calculations. Airborne base stations are GPS receivers on the ground, collecting data simultaneously with the flight. The data collected ties the AGPS to the ground control at the post - processing stage. Airborne base station locations must be in a totally open area with a clear view of the sky with no obstructions to block out any satellites. I. Proper coordination between the ground and aircraft crews will dictate the efficiency of the AGPS mission. Crews arrive at the project site early each day, well before the flying window begins. Equipment is tested, flight plans are reviewed, and the aircraft is aloft and ready to begin capturing photography as soon as the sun angle window permits. Ground and air crews maintain constant communication throughout the flight. In the event that a technical problem occurs or the window closes due to cloud cover the mission can be quickly shut down to avoid cost overruns. 2. Merrick utilizes on- the -fly (OTF) techniques to initialize the AGPS mission. OTF initialization requires that the base station antennae be within 12 miles of the airplane antennae. Once the initialization is successful, it is possible to fly at least 25 miles from the base stations provided both receivers do not suffer loss of lock. The advantage to on- the -fly initialization is that we can recover from a loss of lock since the OTF software will automatically re- initialize, provided the aircraft is again within about 12 miles of the base station. 3. AFS has flown numerous AGPS projects and is aware of the constraints involved when flying AGPS missions. Since it is important to maintain lock on the satellites during the AGPS flights, steep banks and shallow turns are avoided. 4. Photography and AGPS data is collected until the photography window closes for the day or until inclement weather impedes the flight. November 14, 2005 C \msAebnglNewporllTednlol ApprmU dw ❑ ❑❑ '0S MERRICK ❑❑❑ SUILOING QUALITY ROLUTONe Proposal to Provide 011 &2 City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 6 Post-Processing I I. Using GPS processing techniques, we have the ability to determine coordinates for an instantaneous event such as the opening of a camera shutter. 2. AGPS processing is done on a daily basis so that any problems can be corrected before leaving the project site. 3. Trimble GPSurvey version 2.35 software and Trimble Geomatics Office version 1.50 software is used to process the AGPS data. The data are processed using continuous kinematic processing methods. Continuous kinematic surveys provide the ability to map the paths of moving vehicles such as airplanes. 4. Continuous kinematic baseline processing can solve GPS antenna positions, not only when the antenna is stationary but also for each GPS observation made while the aircraft is moving. Continuous kinematic processing provides a position at every epoch (typically I second). The baseline processor uses an epoch on either side of the event together with an interpolation strategy to determine the position of the photograph at the instant in time that a photograph is taken. 5. The final AGPS coordinates will be consistent with the horizontal and vertical datum for this project. These final coordinates will be incorporated into the overall project control network and used to support the aerotriangulation adjustment. 6. Merrick will generate an "Airborne GPS Report" which documents the results of the GPS survey in Excel spreadsheet format. LIGHT DETEcTioN AND RAi4GING (LIDAR) LIDAR has revolutionized the acquisition of digital elevation data for large scale mapping applications. Merrick has embraced this technology from the onset through associations with several LIDAR acquisition vendors. Since 1997, we have successfully used LIDAR data as input to the contouring and digital ortho processes. We now operate our own proprietary digital imaging / LIDAR system and processes. 2. A typical LIDAR system rapidly transmits pulses of light that reflect off the terrain and other height objects. The return pulse is converted from photons to electrical impulses and collected by a high -speed data recorder. Since the formula for the speed of light is well known, time intervals from transmission to collection are easily derived. Time intervals are then converted to distance based on positional information obtained from ground/aircraft GPS receivers and the on -board Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that constantly records the attitude (pitch, roll, and heading) of the aircraft. 3. LIDAR systems collect positional (x,y) and elevation (z) data at pre - defined intervals. The resulting LIDAR data is a very dense network of elevation postings. The accuracy of LIDAR data is a function of flying height, laser beam diameter (system dependent), the quality of the GPS /IMU data, and November 14, 2005 maf."9,NQw01%T.am�lAppr a.d� ❑e❑ MERRICK$ ❑ ❑❑ auuamo aunury eownonO f;l'� Proposal to Provide City —Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 7 Lelca/Helava Systems ALS40 150 post - processing procedures. Accuracies of t15em (horizontally) and t15cm (vertically) can be achieved. Accuracies better than 7cm (vertically) were achieved from initial testing of Merrick's system. I. Merrick operates an airborne laser topographic mapping system based on the Leica/14elava Systems ALS40 /50 platform. The system integrates a laser Altimeter, an Applanix POS /AV1MU Inertial Measurement Unit (1MU), GPS flight management and other sub - systems. This integrated system is capable of 58 KHz operation at a 75° Field of View (FOV). The system configuration includes extended altitude range up to 4,700m @75 °, target signal intensity capture, and three return capture. The sensor is capable of generating five returns, however, the first three returns generate the maximum collection, and Merrick's sensor has been configured to maximize these first three returns. This advanced sensor has the capability to collect terrain data at a swath width of over two miles. The accuracy of laser generated terrain data exceeds 15em RMSE, altitude dependent. 2. In -flight data are logged to hard drives, which provides for immediate viewing of post mission data. Data quality, coverage, and other mission critical information are reviewed immediately to determine if re- flights are necessary. Basic parameters for Merrick's L1DAR system include: LH Systems r D. Operating Altitude 500 to 4,700 meters Elevation Accuracy <15cm RMSE Alt dependent) Horizontal Accuracy <15cm RMSE Alt dependent) GPS Receiver Novatel Millennium Laser Repetition Rate 100 Hz to 50KHz Scan Angle 5 - 75° Swath Width Variable Scan Frequency Variable scan an le dependent) Return Pulse Up to three (pulse rate de endent Intensi Yes (up to three Similar to an aerial camera, it is generally not necessary to adjust parameters of a system that has been properly calibrated. Most project errors occur due to poor pre -flight initial calibration of the sensor and/or post - processing errors. Typical error sources are a result of poor mission planning or an untested set of variables. Calibration issues may include: • Scanner Velocity — This can affect a condition known as encoder windup, which requires specific algorithmic correction for non - linear mechanical correction. • GPS Lever Arms — if a new aircraft installation has been performed, the relationship of the GPS antenna as it relates to IMU and laser must be properly measured. • Boresite Calibration — The relationship of the 1MU to the laser head must be precisely measured at maximum operational altitudes. The resulting angular offsets for pitch; roll, and yaw must then be applied to the post - processor for proper projection of the data when translating data from earth center to earth fixed coordinate systems. November 14, 2005 111313 D C:lmaAebng%New O&Tec npc lAPPm O.Coc 13013 MERRICK ❑❑❑ SUILOINO OU.UTV SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 8 • Pulse Rate — Lasers pulse width and shape is a variable based upon the pulse rate of the laser. While small in comparison to other error sources, a small vertical bias (1 -5cm) is typical and should be accounted for in the total calibration. • Extended GPS Baselines - Kinematic GPS errors can be on the order of 2ppm, which can translate to 20cm/100km. This must be accounted for by limiting baseline length for projects demanding large -scale mapping. 2. Full calibration/ verification of our LIDAR sensor is verified on a regular basis (monthly) at Jefferson County Airport in Broomfield, Colorado, Merrick's LIDAR Operations facility. The site has over 500 GPS centimeter class accuracy control points, which include runways, taxiways, buildings, rooftops, and other features. Points are both surface and photo identifiable targets. In addition to GPS control, a rigorous photogrammetric solution was obtained utilizing photography flown at a scale 1 " =600', which is utilized for stereo surface validation and 6 -inch orthophoto reference imagery. Methodology Calibration 1. Flights are performed over the calibration site across the full dynamic range for altitude; scan rate, and pulse rates from four cardinal directions and encompassing the full swath width of the on- ground scan over the GPS control surface data. Post - processed data is incorporated into MARS® (see discussion on page 18) files where cross sectional profiles are measured and analyzed for flight line coherence and flight line ground truth coherence. 2. Additionally, an analysis is performed, which correlates the entire control network to the LIDAR data for adherence to the project map specification. Please note, our calibration procedures require that any project variables, which deviate from the normal calibration results, be investigated and resolved before final processing of data. I . Calibration validation is also performed at the project location to assure anomalies have not occurred en route to the site or during data collection. Typically, a limited survey is performed at the local airport to ensure mission performance. This often includes other control within the project boundary, as determined by project specifications. On projects of this size, flights are taken at the beginning and end of each mission over the calibration area(s). This assures that no drift or systematic errors have occurred during the LIDAR mission. Proper calibration also allows errors to be evaluated and adjusted (if necessary) during post - processing and projection of DEM surface data to the project control. Merrick cautions against any other methodology as this is the only cohesive process that can ensure a mission has no anomalies from mechanical, electronic, GPS, or other atmospheric error sources. 2. On data that has been corrected for systematic errors, the project checkpoint GPS control can be validated against the LIDAR surface. This verifies both LIDAR data accuracy and the critical tie between project control and November 14, 2005 FOR MERRICK° November 14, 2lTed+mwi FpG��cJ�.6oc ❑❑❑ euu.mNU uunury nownowE Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 9 coordinate systems. MARS allows the user to specify the desired, required, or target vertical accuracy in project units via a user friendly GUI interface. During the calculation of control statistics, comparisons are made to this value to see if the specified vertical accuracy is met. Under the current method to validate the LIDAR accuracy (designated "Elevation interpolated from TIN "), a TIN is created around each control point, using LIDAR points within 100 units of horizontal distance. The one triangle that horizontally covers the sample location is selected. The location on the surface of this triangle that matches the sample locations then provides the elevation. This elevation is a linear interpolation of the elevations of the three triangle vertices, or more simply it is the point in 3D on the TIN triangle directly above the sample location. The method complies with FEMA requirements, as described in FEMA guidelines for LIDAR mapping, specifically Appendix 4B to FEMA 37, May 2000. Using this method, the user can be assured of data accuracy through out the project area. Literally thousands of control points can be computed in seconds. In the following example, the user has specified 0.6' as the vertical accuracy (Accuracy), which will statistically test the dataset for meeting NSSDA requirements for 1' contours (hence the 95% confidence level). This reports the min, mean, max, and average "Z error" (elevation) for all control vs. the LIDAR data within the project. You'll see that this particular dataset passed the criteria with 98.6% at 0.50'. The "achievable' contour interval represents the interval / accuracy specification (LAMAS / ASPRS) possible after breakline enhancement. 6. This report is output in Excel spreadsheet format (.csv), which allows for the user to analyze the results of the LIDAR accuracy. November 14. 2005 0013 O CAmaAelin g\Newp \Tednicl Approac.Eoc ❑e❑ MERRICK ❑❑❑ SUILOINQ QUALITY GOLUT1ONt { r ai+h• •N n ivw��/ 03 Gwtl ' � 01 �...ouu.em wtir r�Mrrl�eVW�rr M,��O�r OS x�.Nr� t�11•w { wNw jn I.A»lzr+A:w..wr ON fri L�.r.xw�vRVCVN s4bJOnYnIT112b �,► �6.3 II• L�I�w�N 9BF% IY,A /2r�rr rQ3 ms 11yNAwvp RJfMSXVMw�Ynlr •/ NGtI A,iWzf. 600 VN1a OO.xY�� R1NVMUArr G� EASt � . Mwunp�leYlz Fmx 000 .. Mss rr�r., n.r,l i���� NedniE.v IIOi MtQ�I�rrf•�•11rr1 r"- w:a,.:..a�rtzc� IIa1 Aw.rrr�irr..i ruli— I �n � r nx ce,. zac... zb.•o r. r r.e.• 01 3p1W60B 1Yvi15953 Yc RYf 9J 5L.'J Olf CM11 yQ,� [1y2 S91R9M tittB166S Tc SII1® R 411 Cpl St Fjl 100>A2n 11?)006II Y�. X193t 8Hn 001 2A11 %N 2J9 g. Iz.>rrsz Ye. s,'slm szbsao 0.10 sa, es szs, M1121l& [Jy 1N m IFiRS% Y. R70X es 4b :1 81a ltfi 11 'n7 W7112 an w mmz O Mn s o: ®n ' W 11 v vei 1J 15 91@ 3x;we.: I1.c TR 13y WM 12 as VMn Mn 051 Haan V%92 M ss.11 s�-1� . i,iRm m. IT0.4fN 1n. ifilF,l Slf{N xJ�STK "M iV 511x11 6. This report is output in Excel spreadsheet format (.csv), which allows for the user to analyze the results of the LIDAR accuracy. November 14. 2005 0013 O CAmaAelin g\Newp \Tednicl Approac.Eoc ❑e❑ MERRICK ❑❑❑ SUILOINQ QUALITY GOLUT1ONt Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 10 1. In order to truly validate multiple return data, a known set of target coordinates must be measured against ground survey data. While a single pulse has the ability to read 2 -5 ranges, as is the case on most commercial LIDAR systems, the validity of this type of data has been minimally investigated. Many systems purport that they provide multiple returns but provide no accuracy claims. In truth, each return requires a separate vertical calibration correction, since it is a separate timing circuit. This can only be guaranteed if the signal strength is adequate from all returns. Typical project morphology provides minimal multiple return data beyond the 2nd return. Histogram analysis of data sets typically provides a maximum of 100% for ISE returns, 25% maximum for 2 "d returns, 5% maximum for 3rd returns, and little or no 4ih and 5i° return data. This is a function of the ability of the electronic timing, and laser pulse width, which relates directly to a term known as range separation. 2. Range Separation is defined as the minimum vertical target separation required registering a valid return. Merrick's laser has <3 -meter range separation and is the highest accuracy currently available. Older systems vary from 6 -12 meters. For the user, this means that buildings that are less than 6- meters high would probably not be resolved with older systems. 3. Validation of multiple retum data is a difficult task, at best, beyond 2 "d return data under normal flight conditions, and is best measured in a terrestrial environment under controlled conditions. However, most current users have little commercial use beyond building height measurement and true ground observations, which require I' and 2 "d return data. In the dynamic flight environment, a building is generally surveyed and is used as the control to verify the range(s). A laser shot must hit the edge of the building and have enough energy to produce a 2 'd return on the ground. Then the returns are verified against the GPS control. 1. Merrick uses several significant process steps to filter (classify) data for project specified map accuracies ranging from l' to 5' contour intervals. Each step takes the data to sufficient levels for the level of accuracy and processing required. These steps may be modified based on project requirements including but not limited to, map accuracy, terrain, and canopy morphology (i.e. urban, heavy or multiple canopy vegetation, water, and swamps). 2. Data is most often classified by ground and canopy, but specific project applications can include classifications of multiple data types including but not limited to buildings, vegetation, power lines, etc. This is a very labor - intensive process and is generally not recommended on contour only projects. Typical deliverables for contour datasets are generally limited to include canopy and ground surface only. 3. In general practice, these workflow steps include: • Step 1: Logical parsing of data by file size and morphology • Step 2: Automated filtering • Step 3: LIDAR environment editing November14,2\Te ❑O❑ MERRICK° Novernbe, 14, 20 ediniwl Approac✓t tloc ❑ ❑❑ BUILDING UUAUMY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City - Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 11 ■ Step 4: Model keypoint generation. Step 1: Logical Parsing of Data by File Size and Morphology a. Before editing the LIDAR elevations, Merrick's filtering team parses enormous raw LIDAR data files into manageable, client specified tiles using Merrick's proprietary software. The software is called Merrick Airborne Remote Sensing (MARS). MARS® comprises a modular suite of tools that are used in the field, production workflow, and client deliverables. Please refer to the section on MARS® for a more complete description of capabilities. Data parsing is determined by geographic location, morphology, and logical file size for workflow process performance optimization. b. Following is an example of a raw LIDAR high - density urban data set from the Denver (CO) CBD before filtering. The image on the left is a point cloud representation; on the right is a TIN model of the same area before filtering. Denver CBD point cloud representation before filtering Cross section TIN Denver CBD TIN model before filtering Step 2: Automated Filtering a. Next, custom filter macros are developed based on job specifications, terrain, and vegetation characteristics. These algorithms are applied to client data to derive a database separated into different classification groups; error points, ground points, and canopy - building points. The macros are tested in several portions of the project area to verify accuracy. Often, there are several filter macros for each project that optimize the program based on the unique characteristics of terrain, man made features, and vegetation type. Automatic filtering generally yields a ground surface that is >90% accurate, but requires additional editing to produce surfaces sufficient for image rectification and large -scale high accuracy contours (1 -2'). November 14, 2005 ❑❑❑ , a*ebn9,�e, DMMTe�n,�Appma�da 11011 MERRICK ❑❑❑ Suitowu uu4uTY nol.UnoNe Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 12 Step 3: LIDAR Environment Editing a. LIDAR data is next taken into a graphic environnent to edit noise or features that may remain in the LIDAR point cloud after auto - filter. Data is cross - sectioned from the surface to reclassify non- ground data artifacts. The cross section on the left is edited and the 11N to the right is updated automatically to reflect change real -time during the editing process. b. The following is an example of reclassification of the non - ground points (elevations) that need to be excluded from the true &round surface. Data shows non - ground in red, ground in blue and low points in green. Note that the image on the right has the low points reclassified (red) or removed from the true ground surface. Before point reclassification After point reclassification Step 4: Model Keypoint Generation a. Next, a unique manipulation process normalizes the surface into one of the tightest digital surface models (DSM) available in the industry. Final data extraction for the client's keypoint (statistically significant points) and canopy - building file data are then generated. Following is a screenshot of the LIDAR surface from the MARS'S software application after the LIDAR environment edit process has been completed. On the left is a point cloud representation; out the right is the TIN model. Point cloud representation after the LIDAR environment edit process has been completed November 14. 2005 C'. \ma�Iteung�NeM'PMVieV�mcal wPa�tl�.tloc TIN model after the LIDAR environment edit process has been completed o °o MERRICK' ❑L_jL_j 91.111.1 OU-L` S01U110N8 November 14, 2005 C-\ ehng\NewpPn7 niw[APp ch,Wc Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach 13 b. At this stage, surface data is sufficient, in many cases for orthorectification of imagery without breakline enhancement dependent on terrain or significant man made features. This is due to the high sample density of terrain data. This allows Merrick to provide the orthophotography in parallel with the softcopy- mapping environment. This has multiple benefits: • Imagery is available sooner • Numerous breaklines can be eliminated • Existing plan data can be evaluated prior to completion of softcopy In general, there are several significant advantages to a LIDAR approach: 1. LIDAR provides higher accuracy data. Post - processed data can achieve consistent vertical accuracies of 15cm RMSE or better. Although the same accuracies can be achieved with conventional photogrammetry, the stereo - compilation process is more manual intensive and subject to random human errors. 2. Elevations are measured directly through an active sensor, as opposed to inferentially through photogrammetric techniques. 3. LIDAR data is of a higher density and thus more representative of the terrain. 4. LIDAR can provide first and last return data; first return data typically being tree canopy and last return data being bare earth. 5. LIDAR provides for rapid data acquisition. A raw elevation model for an entire county can be collected over the course of a few hours as opposed to several months for conventional photogrammetry. Thus, project schedules can be improved. 6. LIDAR is cost effective. Although the data must be validated and enhanced with breaklines, the overall cost of producing a DTM is significantly reduced for large projects by comparison to photogrammetric techniques. 7. LIDAR data can be captured during conditions when conventional photography cannot (i.e., night, clouds, and haze). 8. LIDAR data provides peripheral products (intensity images, vegetation analysis data, canopy heights, building / structure elevation models, etc.), which may be more costly or unobtainable from conventional photogrammetry. LIDAR can provide accurate elevation data in areas heavily forested, where conventional photogrammetry cannot_ It is a misconception that LIDAR can "see through" trees, although it can get adequate ground returns in heavily forested areas by reflecting a pulse between branches and leaves. Conventional photogrumnetry relies on the incident angle of the aerial photos to provide stereoscopy. In a stereoscopic model, one photograph may be directly over the area of interest, but the center of adjoining photography may be several thousand feet away. MERRICK° RUILOINO OUALITT SOLUTIOND Proposal to Provide ON City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 14 A Merrick & Company value - added product for validating the LIDAR elevation surface. November 14, 2005 C.imaMeung%New 011 Ted,i al Alllo.ch.doa 10. LIDAR data is processed and filtered in a highly automated environment, thus providing consistent results. I ill 1:1:4:4 1017-3 11MI 0 144 MP• . . 1. Merrick will provide Newport with unique new software for inspecting and testing of the LIDAR data. This software will allow for maximum flexibility on current and future data applications. It will also readily provide significant quality assurance tools in the early project phases, to assure accuracy requirements are met, and that sufficient coverage of the project area has been accomplished. The QC module of MARS being provided represents only a small portion of the functionality of the tool. Additional modules can be made available for managing and analyzing the LIDAR data as an optional service. Overview I. Merrick has developed proprietary software that provides clients with several significant advantages for managing enormous amounts of LIDAR information. The Merrick Advanced Remote Sensing (MARS Software application comprises a Windows based modular suite of tools that are used to manage field collection, production, and client deliverable workflows. 2. Numerous significant advantages include: • Binary storage format • Field coverage verification • Control network validation and reporting in excel format • Calibration validation of entire datasets • Cross section/profiling of the DSM • Client shapefile tile scheme import/export • Graphical display of data in custom tile schemes and attributes • Ability to export selected or inclusive data segments with ease • User specified grid utilities • Orthographic and perspective viewing and navigation • Graphical point cloud representation and navigation • Graphical thinning and polygon representation and navigation • Selectable gridding algorithms and output formats • Multiple output data formats • Graphic color representation by elevation, flight line, multiple feature class and, grayscale intensity • Graphic data can be output in georeferenced TIF format Binary Data Format - Project data and attribute information are stored in binary format, minimizing file size and optimizing performance. Whole projects can be viewed and exported with minimal computing power. 1,000 square miles of data or more encompassing gigabytes of information can be managed at the desktop level. This eliminates requirements for large and expensive system network and database software. Field Coverage Verification - Ground Sample Distance (GSD) and coverage of the entire project area are graphically reviewed and verified before leaving the project site. 000 MERRICK° UUU NUILOINO OUAWTV •OLUTION• November 14, 2005 C �maNetngWev o O Ted61APII.a A. Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Pace 15 Control Network Validation — Quality assurance of the DSM can be performed on large control networks with ease. GPS or other control can be imported, draped to the DSM, and graphically displayed. Data can be reviewed graphically and statistically analyzed for accuracy. Control network checkpoints can be computed (compared) against the LIDAR DSM. The user can specify and review the following parameters: • Specify the radius about a control point for analysis • Specify the vertical accuracy • Compute min/mean/max • Compute RMSE • Review data by inclusive or individual control points • Review number and statistics of individual LIDAR points within the specified radius Report information can be customized and include min/mean/max average, and median statistic calculations. Elevation accuracy is user specifiable in the statistical calculation. Reports from the application can be generated in Excel or other text formats and exported for additional analysis. Cross Section/Profiling of DSM - Project mission flight lines are profiled to assure accuracy and calibration during the field collection process. Cross sections or profiles can be selected and generated from an orthographic view of point cloud or TIN data. Profile exaggerations can be applied I -100x scales to compare laser flight line calibration accuracy. Zooming and panning of cross sections or profiles of multiple flight line data allow for review of consistency across the complete project DSM. A measuring tool is provided to validate accuracy. Additionally, the profile can be navigated (dragged) along a trajectory and updated to review all mission data with ease and speed. Client Tile Scheme Import/Export — ESRI shapefule tile scheme and index attribute information can be imported to the database. The entire project can be viewed in a vector format with tile attributes, which provide for fast navigation to the AOL Data can then be analyzed, or exported as inclusive or subset information. A buffer can be specified to encompass overlapping information if needed. Complex polygon shapefiles can also be added to clip (include /exclude) area specific project data boundaries during the export process. Graphic Representation — Data can be represented by point cloud, TIN, and intensity information. Specific classifications of data can be displayed as ground, canopy, building, powerline, or other specified classes. Additionally, data can be displayed by flight line (individually color coded) to review specific mission(s) and calibration information. Performance - Data are displayed rapidly by automatic resealing of relevant data density at any given scale. This allows for minimal computing power requirements for extremely large data sets. Additionally, it eliminates the need for complicated and expensive network and database solutions. The user can specify performance resolution variables to optimize viewing speed and resolution on specific platforms. Navigation Tools — Navigation of data can be accomplished in orthographic and perspective views. Data zooming, panning, and rotation can navigate through large point clouds, TIN, and intensity data classes at the full project, tile scheme, or macro level. MERRICK° SUILOINO QUALITY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide U-1 WoU City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 16 Grid — The grid utility allows the user to specify grid spacing, inverse distance weighting, etc. Data can be exported to ESRI compatible Float Grid Binary and ASCII formats. Sub -set or inclusive data sets can be exported to provide maximum flexibility and data management. Import/Export Formats — All inclusive or sub -set data can be exported to several formats including: ASCII, Float Grid Binary, .las, shapefile, or custom. Data can be exported by classification, which can include all points, ground, canopy, intensity, building, vegetation, power line, or other client specified classes. Following are several additional capabilities of this powerful application: View by flight line View by laser intensity View by classification FULLY ANALYTICAL AEROTRIANGULATION (FART) The aerotriangulation process physically and mathematically ties individual exposures and associates the entire photo set with the project's horizontal and November 14, 2005 ❑❑❑ c C9maheungWewpemTed+mcal Tpo�eacM1.E« ❑ ®❑ M E R R I C K ❑❑❑ ewLou+o aunury ecwnc «a Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 17 vertical datum. Sophisticated software corrects inherent systematic errors such as earth curvature, atmospheric refraction, film distortion, camera lens distortion, and aircraft (flight) inconsistencies. The final aerotriangulation adjustment generates coordinates (X, Y) and an elevation (Z) for supplemental photogrammetric points on each photograph. These coordinates are used to set models during the stereo - compilation phase. Merrick uses a systematic and time - tested procedure for completing the aerotriangulation: The aerotriangulation process physically and mathematically ties individual exposures and associates the entire photo set with the project's horizontal and vertical datum. Sophisticated software corrects inherent systematic errors such as earth curvature, atmospheric refraction, film distortion, camera lens distortion and aircraft (flight) inconsistencies. The result of the final FDAAT solution is exterior orientations for each camera station; x,y,z location at the photo center and tip, tilt and swing of the camera at the instant the photo was captured. The exterior orientations are used to set models during the stereo - compilation phase. Throughout the FDAAT process Merrick is inspecting (approving and rejecting) the data before proceeding with the next step of the process. Thus, by the time the bundle adjustment is executed, only potential errors in the input control are remaining. The technician thoroughly reviews the residual and RMS results of the AGPS, ground control, and terrain (matched) points to ensure that the final results will support the accuracy requirements of the project. Merrick strongly encourages the use of check points as an independent verification of the final bundle adjustment. We propose that Newport survey approximately 10 -20 well - distributed check points throughout the project area. Newport will withhold the coordinates and elevations of these check points and compare them against the derived coordinates from the bundle adjustment. Upon approval of the aerotriangulation results by Newport, these check points can be incorporated into the final adjustment as additional control. 3. A comprehensive report detailing the results of the FDAAT task will be submitted to the Newport project manager. The report will include, at a minimum, the following information: • A brief narrative of the aerotriangulation process • Root Mean Square (RMS) error and residuals of the ground control points • A discussion of any control misfits and corrective actions taken to resolve misfits • A statement of accuracy • A digital file of exposure locations with flight and exposure number annotated 4. The final report will be inspected and signed by Merrick's project manager, a Certified Photogrammetrist, and FDAAT technician. November 14, 2005 1111❑ O C \marketing \New dWedniWl ArPro ch.dO ❑*❑ MERRICK 1111❑ SUILOINO OUALITY SOLU"ON6 Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach 18 PROJECT PROTOTYPE Once the imagery, LIDAR, survey, and aerotriangulation have been completed, Merrick recommends a project prototype. This will allow Newport to visualize all the database products requested in the RFP for a sample portion of the project. Completing the prototype ensures that both parties have a clear understanding of all project products and specifications. We believe we understand the complexity of this project and therefore do not anticipate major modifications in our procedures as a result of the prototype. Merrick proposes that a formal Prototype Review Meeting is held at Newport's offices. Alternatively, Merrick can host the meeting if Newport would like to tour our facilities in Colorado. The Newport project team will have an opportunity to review the prototype data prior to the review meeting. We recommend a review period of two (2) to four (4) weeks by Newport. The prototype will be a representative sub -set of the entire project. It is important to obtain a large enough sample of the project to ensure most database situations and anomalies are reviewed. Merrick proposes that four to six tiles should be completed to review unique project characteristics and economically complete revisions to the database if modifications are required. Specifically, the objectives of the prototype are: L Review the Database Design Document and determine the final list of attributes to be populated. 2. Produce a working model of the ortho image and DEM data products being generated and verify that the data will meet Newport's expectations. This model may be used by Newport to demonstrate and communicate the purpose of the project to consortium management and administrators. 3. Test the physical database structure. The primary aspects of the design will focus on defining and documenting important database structure items such as: ■ Coverage / layer naming conventions IN Item naming and coding • Annotation level definition • Database tolerances • Line and symbol coding • Attribute definition • Tile formatting 4. Refine communication protocol and response time expectations for resolving project issues. 5. Establish and strengthen the working relationships between Merrick and Newport. 6. Modify in -house project quality control processes, as necessary, to remain compliant with project accuracies and specifications. 7. Modify and customize existing AML, MDL, LISP, etc. routines and in- house programs to conform to the unique characteristics of the project. 8. Once all prototype issues have been resolved, Newport would then provide Merrick authorization to proceed on project -wide production. NovemberrQ2005 ❑❑i❑❑ MERRICK° November 24, 20 C5LnlGl Approacltdoc ❑❑❑ OUILOINO YUAWTV •OLU"ONE Auto filtered data with trees and structures removed. Auto filtered data with trees and structures removed including breakline November 14, 2005 C �maneungwewpcmiernnmai Fppmacn eoc Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 19 1. Utilizing a combination of automated filtering techniques, MARS ®, and softcopy photogrammetry, Merrick derives "bare earth ". The filtered LIDAR data is draped on the imagery. LIDAR data points, either individually or in groups, are edited to ensure that they are "on the ground." Supplemental breaklines are compiled in critical locations to ensure the final DTM and contours meet project accuracy specifications. As a final validation, contours are generated and again draped in 3 -D. Merrick has integrated a combination of techniques, including 2D and 3D, to achieve the required accuracy specifications. • Because LIDAR point placement is accomplished randomly, the data does not often model steep slopes, retaining walls, culverts, roadside ditches and hydro features • Merrick's 2 and 3 -D edit procedures takes the filtered LIDAR point cloud and, converts the resultant surface into raw contours. Contours are reviewed with digital imagery, Merrick's analysts can readily determine if there are any errors in the LIDAR point data, and determine where breaklines need to be added. Merrick's 2 -D approach utilizes LIDAR points in attributing the Z values of the breakline. • The actual number and density of breaklines added to a LIDAR DSM are significantly less, when compared to a traditional photogrammetric DTM. This is due to the number of LIDAR points being hundreds of times denser. Additionally, the positional accuracy of the DSM data is far better than traditional photogrammetry. • Specific examples where Merrick's analysts would add breaklines and/or modify the LIDAR are listed below: Points are also deleted from under bridges and a bridge polygon inserted to show where this was done Water areas are surrounded by a water breakline and a water spot elevation placed in the water body — Roads are compiled with road breaklines and, if a crown is visible, a centerline breakline is compiled 3. Next, breaklines are used to delete point data from within water and roads then used as standard 3 -D breaklines so that the final product will depict flat water surfaces and crowned roads. The LIDAR edit data proceeds to 3 -D quality control, compilation edit, and LIDAR final surface adjustment. In the margin are examples of the LIDAR DSM before and after breakline addition. Hydrographic Breakline Procedure Because of the many LIDAR projects completed by Merrick, we have developed our own software and procedure to compensate for the many technical issues associated with creating accurate and cartographically correct elevation databases. The following summarizes the use of MARS' software to compile breaklines for hydrographic features (i.e., rivers, lakes, etc.). ❑❑i❑❑ MERRICK' ❑❑❑ OUILOING DUALITY GOLU"ONt Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach 1. Lakes Lakes are compiled by using a combination of the L1DAR to determine elevation and ortho to determine X, Y location. There are two steps needed to compile a lake elevation: Step 1. Because LIDAR returns in water bodies are generally inaccurate, care must be taken to select the correct elevation. Two measurement systems can be used to determine the lake elevation: Measurement #1. Find the lowest possible L1DAR point at the water's edge next to the bank of the lake. This technique can be used when there are no LIDAR returns inside of the water body. Example: The user must find an edge of the bank that is not obscured by vegetation. In this image, the area around the dock is an excellent example Example: The surface has been rendered and primary colors have been added to describe subtle elevation changes in the surface. One -foot contours have been placed over the classified keypoint data at the inside and outside of the take. The yellow elevation "below" the thick contours would be the correct elevation for this lake. Measurement #2. Lake elevation can also be determined by finding the "average lowest" elevation of the LIDAR returns. This technique is helpful when the banks of the take are obscured by vegetation. Example: One -foot contours have been placed over the classified keypoint data at the inside and outside of a lake. The contours will help the user to determine the elevation of the lake. November 14, 2005 oio MERRICK° Nove eber14, 20 edinilal Approatli.Epc UUU OUILOINO DUALITY •OLUTION0 Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 21 Example: The surface has been rendered and primary colors have been added to describe subtle elevation changes in the surface. The yellow elevation "below" the thick contours would be the correct elevation for this lake. By sampling a few of the yellow elevations, a precise elevation can be determined. Step 2. Once the correct elevation has been selected, the user can then compile the edge of the lake using the ortho. November 14, 2005 131313 O C%maBebng%New DO%Te nlwl Appme Ap 13013 MERRICK ❑❑❑ GUILOINO QUALITY SOLUTIONS I F� E-91 IL bl Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 23 Example: A stream can be seen in the ortho connecting a swampy area to a lake Example: Before breaklines. One -foot contours are generated from the keypoint data. Example: The water bodies and stream are compiled November 14, 2005 ❑❑io MERRICK° November er 14.2005 nval Approatli doc ❑❑❑ SUILOINO QUALITY SOLUTIONO November 14, 2005 C'lrnarketInq \Newport %Tetlrnie lApproach Ooc Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Example: After breaklines. The hydro features now reside underneath a continuous contour. CONTOUR GENERATION 24 Following the collection and verification of the newly developed DTM data (derived from the LIDAR DSM and hreaklines), :derrick uses MARS'` to process the DTM and interpolate the new m o -foot ('_') contours. MARS' is proprietary software that Men ick has de% eloped to provide clients with several significant advantages for m;utaging em.ntnous amuuna of LIDAR information. Internal to Merrick, the MARS' Sofhcare application also includes additional modular suite, of tool. th :u arc used I r contour interpolation and other apphcnnon, The following outline pro%ides a eooci.�r dewription art the signific' nt procedures'iuilestones that kill occur to cre:ue contours tier the project. 1. The points in the DT:M are retatcd :ntd connected to each other bti creating a Triangulated IrreCruhr Network Il HNI. Dr.i%Sing ',-D triailLdcs %5 hose comers arc the D'I'M points creates the TIN, MERRICK° e UILDING QUALITY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach 2. When the points in the DTM are collected "on the ground" and in a sufficient density, the legs of the triangles that connect the points accurately represent the surface of the terrain. These triangles that are created to make the TIN are "drawn" within the contour interpolation (CIP) software according to certain rules. 25 3. The principle rule is that breaklines act as a "hinge" for any interpolation that would pass through them. That is, any triangulation that tries to get past a breakline by going over or under it is forced to go up or down to that breakline and then continue on from there, This prevents the TIN from "submarining" through ridges or "bridging" over drains. 4. The next step is to process the TIN to create the contour levels using contour interpolation software (CIP). After processing, attributes for elevation and line type are automatically populated for each line. 5. Contour data will be interpolated across sheet (tile) edges to form a continuous line. This will create an exact edge match of contours along the tile boundaries. Merrick will use the predetermined tile and sub -tile layout to "clip" continuous data into individual tiles. 6. Creating an aesthetic cartographic contour map is the next step in the process. At the editing workstation, contours are smoothed, enhanced, and verified to be within the tolerances of the accuracy specifications. During the prototype Merrick will work with the Partners to determine the cartographic quality of the contour database. 7. A final inspection of the vertical accuracy is then performed by comparing spot elevations to the interpolated contours. This essential, quasi - independent validation proves the accuracy of the contours relative to the adjustment of the aerial photography. Merrick utilizes ArcGIS software tools to create topologically correct coverages /geodatabases, validate edgematching, and populate the database with appropriate attribute values. All final data will comply with the database design standards. I. Using the final tile layout, Merrick will "clip" the continuous data into individual tiles. 2. Menick's existing AML's and ARC tools will be customized to meet the specific QC /QA requirements of the Partners. Merrick can make selected AML tools available to the Partners to expedite the QC. 3. Following the on -line completeness verification, Merrick will then make corrections, if needed. Merrick understands the necessity for providing our clients with topologically correct databases. Thus, all final processed graphic data will conform to standard GIS topology "rules ": ■ Edge Matching: All digitized features will be both visual and coordinate edge matched with features from existing data, adjacent tiles, sheet edges, and at model breaks or other artificial boundaries within a tile. No edge November 14, 2005 ❑❑i❑❑ MERRICK° C�ImaMetingWewpoTTecnniW Pp ?��,�c ❑❑❑ SUILOINO OULLITY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City —Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 26 match tolerance will be allowed. Attributes for adjoining features will also be identical. ■ Common Boundaries: All graphic features that share a common boundary, regardless of digital map layer, will have the exact same digital representation of that feature in all common layers. ■ Point Duplication: No duplication of points will occur within a data string. IS Connectivity: Where graphic elements visually meet, they will also digitally meet. All confluences of line and polygon data will be exact mathematically; that is, no "overshoots," "undershoots," `offsets" or invalid "pseudo nodes will exist. Lines that connect polygons will intersect polygons precisely; that is, every end point will be an intersection point of the respective polygon. IS Line Quality: A high quality cartographic appearance will be achieved. Transitions from straight line to curvilinear line segments will be smooth and without angular inflections at the point of intersection. The digital representation will not contain extraneous data at a non - visible level. There will be no jags or hooks or zero length segments. Curvilinear graphic features will be smooth with a minimum number of points. When appropriate, line- smoothing programs will be used to minimize the angular inflection in curvilinear lines. Any lines that are straight, or should be straight, will be digitized using only two points that represent the beginning and ending points of the line. IS Segmentation: The digital representation of digital elements will reflect the visual network structure of the data type. An element will not be broken or segmented unless that segmentation reflects a visual or attribute code characteristic or unless the break is forced by database limitations. ■ Area and Polygon Closure and Centroids: For area features being digitized, the last coordinate pair will be exactly (mathematically) equal to the first coordinate pair. Centroids will be placed in all polygon area features. IS Point Criteria: All point features will be digitized as single x, y coordinate pairs at the visual center of that graphic feature. DIGITAL ORTHOPHoTo GENERATION Merrick has extensive experience in producing digital orthophotography for our clients. Since 1990, we have generated over 40,000 color, black & white, and infrared images on projects of all sizes and complexities. Our 10 digital imaging technicians are well versed in all aspects of image processing and Merrick remains current with the latest software developments and processing techniques. Our in -house programming personnel provide customized support as necessary, to enhance production processes and image characteristics. The algorithms used to rectify imagery are static within the industry. Regardless of whether individual vendors use off - the -shelf or customized software and all inputs being equal, the positional accuracy characteristics of the final orthos will be essentially the same. Therefore, our focus is on image quality, production efficiencies, and customer support. November 74, 2005 11811 MERRICK° C November nerJ14. 2 TeMniral App..,aM doc BUIWINU YUYUTY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide �.,',;,,,.� City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 27 The following is an overview of the process by which Merrick creates digital orthophoto images. There are five (5) main steps involved in creating a digital ortho. These include the following: I. Creation of the ortho DEM 2. Negative rasterization (scanning) 3. Fully differential orthometric rectification 4. Radiometric correction and image mosaicking 5. Data quality inspection and delivery Secondary processes may include: • Resampling to multiple resolutions • File compression • Integrating the imagery into Merrick's custom display and plotting extensions Merrick uses Leica/Helava's latest release (4.3. 1) of digital ortho processing software and high -end Dell workstations. Each step of the production process has internal validation measures, which must be approved before proceeding to the next step. The following section outlines our procedures for generating the ortho imagery. I. The aerial images are thoroughly reviewed by our Digital Imaging discipline lead for clarity, contrast, shadow detail, sunspots, and scratches. Photography that will not provide the highest quality final imagery will be re -flowm at no cost to Newport. 2. The project area is sub - divided into workable blocks for efficient processing (up to 50 stereo - models per block). DEM data are merged for a given block and the elevation data is graphically displayed relative to the project boundary to ensure that all areas will be correctly rectified. 3. Ultimately, orthophotos are as accurate as the rectification surface on which they are based. Rigorous quality assurance procedures provide confidence that the DEM and consequently the orthophoto meet or exceed specifications. Therefore, the DEM is evaluated using various isometric views to check for any "spikes." The technician also validates that the DEM blocks overlap to ensure that there are no data gaps between blocks. 4. A grid is generated from the DEM. A gridded surface is more suitable for rectification than a DEM. 5. Project parameters (photo scale, camera calibration data, output resolution, etc.) are input to a project file for access by the Leica/Helava software. 6. Interior orientations (fiducial measurements) are imported from the stereo - compilation department to obviate the need for re- measurement and maintain consistency between the compiled data and final ortho imagery. 7. A reduced resolution data set is created by minifying (re- sampling) the scanned imagery. The reduced resolution data set will be subsequently used for the initial rectification. November 14, 2005 111111 O+ .,ma�eUn9,Ne�OM,T ,�� Appr��.da 11011 MER R I CK ❑❑❑ OUILOINO QUALITY OOLUTIONG Downtown Denver Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 28 1. Establishing or defining the ground surface and scanned negative relationship via digital orientation are the next steps in the process. Digital images are geo- referenced to the DEM surface through an interior (from the camera calibration report) and exterior orientation (from the FDAAT) of the scanned image. These orientations relate the scanned image to the camera and subsequently the camera to the ground. 2. Leica/Helava's module MO is executed to simultaneously rectify and mosaic an entire block of imagery. This process is completed on the minified data set as an initial rectification to expedite processing. Merrick will use a Cubic Convolution re- sampling method, with the ability to edge - enhance or smooth an image as needed to arrive at the best geometric and radiometric output possible in the commercial market today. 3. Seam lines are automatically generated by the software and displayed to the technician. Tone and contrast are adjusted automatically between input images during this process, with the images then feathered across a buffer zone to eliminate seam lines within the project area. 4. The ortho technician reviews the locations of the seam lines and manually modifies them to avoid height objects and to place them in monotone areas (through open field, along road centerlines, etc.). The technician also reviews the image characteristics and modifies a block -wide histogram as necessary to adjust the overall tonal balance. 5. A second and final rectification is completed on the full resolution data set using the modified parameters and edited seam lines from the initial adjustment. Tonal balancing on a block basis is again reviewed to ensure consistent imagery. Overall image quality is reviewed to ensure that the imagery is of consistent tone and contrast across the project area, and to specifically look for any breaks or processing failures within the image. Any such breaks will be cause for rejection and recreation of the affected sheets after determining the nature of the problem. 6. The block of imagery is cut to individual delivery tiles. 7. A visual inspection of each tile is completed for aesthetics (dust, lint, scratches, smears, building and bridge lean, etc.) 8. Bridges are corrected by rectifying them at "zero" elevation. The rectified feature is referenced and transferred to the final image file. Building lean is inherent in aerial photography due to the radial displacement properties of the aerial camera lens. However, true orthophoto generation can eliminate building lean, thus permitting unobstructed views of ground features on all sides of the building and ensuring a truly orthogonal view of the imagery. Naturally, true orthophoto generation requires a more rigorous approach than traditional image rectification. The following summarizes Merrick's approach to creating the true orthos for Newport. November 14, 20e ❑E MERRICK° November 14, 2ReMimtal APProarn.COc ❑❑❑ SUILOINO DUALITY SOLUTI0N6 Downtown Denver Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 29 1. Additional aerial photography will be flown with at least 80% overlap and 60% sidelap. 2. The photography will be acquired in "blocks" over the individual areas requested for true ortho rectification in the RFP. I A Feature Database file is generated using Leica's Pro600. The purpose of this file is to "pull" the buildings upright by placing rooftops directly over the buildings' footprints. • Breaklines are photogrammetrically captured along the ground, rooftops, multi- levels of structures, and slopes. Each planar facet of roofs is collected as separate breakline polygons and/or polyhedrons. For curved building walls, the curves are divided into facets with breaklines. • During rectification, features that are polyhedrons containing single polygons are assumed by the software to be roof polygons; the sides of the building are automatically generated by dropping the polygon vertices onto the DTM surface. Polyhedrons containing multiple polygons are assumed to consist of roof and sides already, thus no sides are generated by the Leica software. Polygon features are assumed by the software to be roof or bridge polygons, and no sides are generated; this allows for proper rectification of surfaces that hover over the ground, particularly bridges. • When breaklines are collected, care is taken to place the edges of polygons just outside the edges of the buildings. This prevents artifacts from the edges being left behind in the imagery when the building is pulled into place. 4. The Feature Database is exported into the format required by the Orthophoto module using PROFDB. 5. A digital terrain surface (DEM, DTM, or LIDAR DSM) is prepared and imported into SOCET SET as a Ath file. This file will contain masspointfbreakline data and/or model keypoint data, and will be used in conjunction with the Feature Database file during rectification. The analyst utilizes a TIN format for rectification. 6. The Leica True Ortho software transforms the imagery along the triangle boundaries, thus providing a highly accurate rectification of the terrain. Additional files needed are support files generated during the AT process, which will contain interior and exterior orientation parameters for the rectification process. 7. Next, image pyramids are generated for each scan to be rectified (an internal requirement of the software). 8. For each true orthophoto, a base image must be selected as the target. Were this image to be rectified alone, the feature database file and the DTM would pull the buildings upright and put their roofs over their footprints; however, a shadow would be left on two sides, thereby occluding the terrain. Supplemental imagery is required to solve this problem. One or more supplemental images that have coverage in the hidden area are used as inputs to the process. 9. The Leica software automatically then detects the occluded region and selects the best image(s) to use to fill the area. To ensure the most November 14, 2005 oi°❑ MERRICK° C ovem er 14, 2005nniral gpproacli.doc 000 BUILDING QUALITY SOLUTIONS' 3 -D Sample Image — Knoxville, TN November 14, 2005 CtMaReUn9Wew0a<llTeAni�al rMIGn) Aac Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach accurate coverage in order to eliminate occlusion in the target ortho, the analyst will utilize eight supplementary images. 30 10. The imagery is then rectified and checked for accuracy. Special care is taken to review the final true ortho for smears caused by DTM or missing aerial photography. If a smear occurs, the ortho technician reviews the DTM and imagery used in the rectification. Appropriate modifications are made to eliminate the source of error. 11. Once the true ortho is inspected and accepted, the image is then mosaicked into a larger ortho block that was created from the original 60% endlap 30% sidelap photography. In this process, the footprint covered by the true ortho block is removed from the larger ortho block. This allows the true ortho to be feathered into the seamless mosaic. 12. Final ortho tiles, which contain both true and traditional ortho, are then "clipped" into Newport's tile format. Merrick recognizes that the quality of orthophoto imagery can be subjective. Imagery that may look good to one person may not to someone else. For this reason, we work closely with our clients during the start -up and prototype processes to develop imagery that is suitable for all users. Our philosophy is that we are working as a team with our clients to achieve the desired results for their intended applications. The following outlines potential orthophoto quality issues that may arise on any given project and Merrick's solutions to these issues. Image Clarity The clarity of the image can be significantly affected by atmospheric haze and dust. Thus, aerial photography will be taken in accordance with ASPRS Standards for Aerial Photography whereby the "photography shall not be secured when the ground is obscured by haze, snow, smoke, dust, flood waters, or environmental factors that may obscure ground detail." The aerial photography is thoroughly reviewed for compliance with this standard. Brig htnesslContrast Brightness and contrast can be controlled during the film processing, scanning, and orthophoto processing phases. The best way to achieve the proper brightness and contrast is through proper film selection and film processing. Although these factors can be controlled somewhat during the scanning and ortho processing phases, the extent to which they can be controlled is primarily dependent on the quality of film processing. Merrick completes a histogram analysis of the imagery prior to scanning to analyze and adjust the dynamic range of gray scale values for brightness and contrast. Brightness and contrast can also be further adjusted on a project -wide basis during the mosaicking process. We recognize that acceptable brightness and contrast of the ortho imagery is subjective and varies from client to client. In an effort to determine the optimum image quality parameters at the onset of the project, Merrick will: ■ Submit sample scanned images of varying contrast and brightness prior to scanning the balance of the film negatives MERRICK° RUILOINY OUGLITV •OLOTION{ Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Paae 31 ■ Review the contrast and brightness of a sample set of imagery during the prototype review meeting Shadows The extent to which shadows impact the imagery is a direct result of the time of year and time of day that the photography was flown. Longer shadows will give an overall appearance of darker imagery in heavily shadowed areas even though a histogram analysis may show that the imagery is similar. Regardless of the film type used or the time of year /day flown, you should be able to identify at least some, and preferably all, detail in shadow areas. To ensure the highest possible visibility of detail in shadows, the aerial vendor must properly expose the film and process the film according to manufacturer's specifications. Scratches Scratches can be introduced at various stages of the process. Scratching can occur when the film passes across the platen in the camera, as the film is being passed through a film processor, as the film is being used to generate contact prints /diapositives, as the film is being scanned or even as the film is being rolled across a light table for review. It is difficult to completely eliminate scratches. To minimize the impact of scratching, Merrick works exclusively with aerial vendors that use the latest in camera and film processing technology. These vendors also recognize the importance of proper handling and storage of the original negatives. Whenever film is being reviewed on a light table, white lintless cotton gloves are wom by the technician and the table is thoroughly cleaned. Scratches are "paint- brushed" out during the orthophoto image QC check. The heaviest concentration is placed on scratches that fall on planimetric features, although any scratch that is unsightly is fixed. The extent to which scratches are fixed is a subject discussed at the kickoff and prototype review meetings. Artifacts Artifacts (lint, dust, etc.) can be introduced any time the film is being rolled out for any purpose. Although vendors and their subcontractors usually take great care to avoid scratches and artifacts, it is nearly impossible to eliminate them altogether. Artifacts that are unsightly or that fall on critical features are "paint- brushed" out during the orthophoto image QC check. Mosaicking Mosaicking is completed as a standard process to minimize the effect of inherent tonal variations from photo to photo. Our ortho technicians will review and modify seam lines so that they are placed in areas of consistent tonal balance and between buildings or bridges. A dynamic range adjustment is completed across the entire block of images to provide a tonally balanced product. The mosaicking parameters can be carried from block to block to ensure the entire project area has consistent tonal qualities. Radial Displacement (Buildings) Due to the radial properties of the aerial camera, buildings will "leari' outward from the center of each exposure. The extent to which a building leans is a function of the height of the building and the distance from the nadir of the November 14, dffe Moo MERRICK° Novem er 14, 2005ftniral Approach dx ❑ ❑❑ MUILOINY -UAL-Ty •OWTIONS t= Y � •_ Image Group 1: Image Group 2: November 14, 2005 C:Mar ebngWewp Uednic lMP� An Proposal to Provide City - Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 32 photo. This can be very detrimental to ortho imagery since the leaning buildings will obscure otherwise visible features. There are several ways to correct this anomaly. Buildings can be modeled by capturing breaklines at all elevation levels, and using this "DTM" data in the rectification of the orthos. This is known as true ortho rectification. This is a very expensive and time consuming task and is typically cost effective only in downtown areas with extremely tall buildings. A second option is to capture single spot photos directly above small areas of tall buildings. These "spot shots" are single -photo rectified and "spliced" into the standard photo set. A third option is to select and rectify the frame of photography that is most centered over the building(s) of interest. For this project, Merrick has proposes to eliminate building lean by using a true ortho process in the requested, downtown area. Radial Displacement (Bridges and Overpasses) In the case of bridges and multi -level overpasses, the orientation of the bridge in relation to the principle point of the photograph plays a large part in the output appearance of that bridge. If the bridge is oriented close to the photo center, very little modification, if any, may be required for that bridge. If the bridge is located to the edge of the photo center, a marked degree of modification can occur to that structure, such as warping, ribboning, melting, etc. Merrick will make every attempt to rectify bridges and overpasses using portions of the imagery that are closest to the center of each exposure, thus minimizing the lean of these features. Positional Accuracy The best way to internally validate that the final ortho products meet the required accuracy standard is by measuring control points on the final ortho photos and comparing the values with the survey control coordinates. If available, planimetry is overlaid with the image data as well to check specifically for correct fit, placement, and completeness of the data prior to final formatting and delivery. Final image quality and geometric fit is reviewed before translation to the client - specific file format. Once translation has occurred, the translated images are displayed to ensure no errors have occurred in translation. The images are then written to the specified media for delivery to the client, and are backed up with all related project data to assure data recovery for future operations. 2. For this project, we anticipate that all imagery will be output as TIFF format files (.tif) with a georeferencing world (header) file (.tfw). This format is readable by Arclnfo and other GIS packages. Acceptame Criteria Newport understands that the quality of ortho imagery is subjective to each user and quantifying the acceptability of ortho imagery, in specific terms, is not a goal of this project. Due to inherent anomalies in aerial photography, Newport accepts that there will be minor variations in brightness, contrast and oao ° MERRICK° NUILOINO DUAWTV SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide OEM City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 33 color tone in the ortho imagery throughout the project area. The following will be used as a guideline for acceptance of the digital orthophotography. These anomalies must be apparent when viewing at the intended mapping scale (i.e., F=100' scale). Artifacts Accepted — Minor artifacts only. Scratches and artifacts in areas of "insignificance" such as water, trees, fields, etc. Scratches and artifacts, regardless of location, do not detract from usability or overall aesthetics of imagery. Accepted with Rework — Significant scratches and artifacts throughout tile. Scratches and artifacts on numerous planimetric detail such as buildings, roads, etc. Scratches and artifacts detract from usability or overall aesthetics of imagery. Contrast Accepted — Contrast is the same or very similar to agreed to prototype. Accepted with Rework - Contrast is significantly different than agreed to prototype. Radiometry I Seamlines Accepted - Only minor variations between tiles or flight strips when viewed in conjunction with surrounding tiles or across project/delivery area. Seamlines between individual source photos are nearly or completely invisible. Obvious attempts have been made to "feather" seamlines and they have been placed primarily in monotone or inconspicuous areas. Accepted with Rework - Significant variations are apparent between tiles or flight strips when viewed in conjunction with surrounding tiles or across project/delivery area. Obvious seam lines exist between source photos with no apparent attempt to correct. Seam lines have been placed through buildings when other routes could have been used. Clarity Accepted - Image is clear and primarily free of blurred areas within the limitations of mosaicking and the source aerial photography. Pixel resolution is correct as per specifications. All image pixels exist. Accepted with Rework — Image is not clear or has numerous areas blurring that can be attributed to factors outside the source aerial photography. Pixel resolution is greater than defined by specifications. Image pixels have dropped out. Warping I Stretching Accepted — Imagery is free of warped or stretched areas. Accepted with Rework — Image has warped or stretched area that cannot be attributed to extremely steep terrain. November 14,2005 U O e:Manebng \Nea OUe�nic lAppr eM.do ❑t,❑ MERRICK ❑ ❑❑ SUILOINO DUALITY SOLUTIONS ., Proposal to Provide WOU City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 34 Edge Matchinq Accepted — Ortho tiles edge match within the tolerances of accuracy requirements. Accepted with Rework — Ortho tiles do not edge match within accuracy specifications. Positional Accuracy Accepted — Ortho imagery matches planimetric data within the tolerance of accuracy specifications. (+/- calculations on control and/or check points) are within accuracy specifications. Accepted with Rework— Ortho imagery does not match planimetric data within the tolerance of accuracy specifications. { +/- calculations on control and/or check points) are not within accuracy specifications. !Image Resample Following image acceptance, Merrick will resample the data, creating a I.0' dataset. Merrick understands that the following deliverables will be provided to Newport for this project, and are that Newport will maintain sole ownership of such: I. ASCII Coordinate listing of all new (temporary) established GPS points. 2. Shapefile of the new GPS control points. 3. Final Ground Control / GPS Survey Report, I. FDAAT results report and computations (include AGPS derived photo centers and ground control coordinates). 2. Shapefile of the resultant stereo -model limits. LIDAR Products 1. Shapefile of the flight plan(s). 2. Final classified (filtered) DSM (bare -earth) in binary (.las) and ASCII format. 3. First return (canopy) data in binary (.las) and ASCII format. 4. Intensity return data in binary (.las) and ASCII format. 5. Accuracy (control) report illustrating the results between the DSM and project ground control in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format. 1. Quarter -foot (0.25') pixel resolution color digital orthophotography in Tiff format (.tif) ith a geo- referencing world header file (.tfiv) delivered on CD /DVD.17Omd )i'),S/� roq.Ma{ November14,2kTe vivo MERRICK' C lmarke bee 14. 200dinical gpproacli.EOc 000 SOILOINO OUAL1iY •OLU"ONO Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach 35 2. One -foot (1.0') pixel resolution resamples of color digital orthophotography in Tiff format (.tif) with a geo- referencing world header file (.tfw) delivered on CD / DVD. 1. Two -foot (2.0') contours with annotation and indexing at 10' intervals in ESRI Geodatabase format delivered on CD / DVD. 2. Final enhanced surface (DTM) as line and point files compatible with ESRI software delivered on CD / DVD. 1. NGS data or reference sheets of any available and/or monumented ground control points. 2. ASCII file of any existing ground control points with attributes. 3. Shapefile / Arclnfo export file (.e00) / AutoCAD (.dwg) / MicroStation design file (.dgn) of the existing tiling index with attributes. 4. FDGC metadata template 5. Timely and thorough review, feedback, and acceptance of deliverable products. It is imperative on any project to develop quality control policies and procedures suitable for efficiently evaluating and ensuring the quality and integrity of the map products and digital databases. Merrick fully understands that the cost of ensuring quality at the onset is considerably less than the cost of rework. Poor quality work also bears opportunity cost in schedule impacts (rework vs. new work) and future references. But most of all, providing high quality data to our clients is just the right thing to do! Therefore, at Merrick, our goal is to ensure that all QC steps are in place at the onset of the project and that the highest quality products are delivered the first time. Merrick takes full responsibility for the work of all subcontractors and for their adherence to this same policy. Since the company's inception in 1955, Merrick & Company has successfully completed literally thousands of architectural / engineering / surveying / GIS projects. With this extensive experience we recognize that it is not realistic to expect that every project will unfold exactly as planned. Issues may arise and problems may occur within the span of this contract. Although we do not anticipate problems on this project, we will adhere to a basic and cooperative plan should they occur. It is Merrick's policy, and firm commitment to: • Identify problems at an early stage • Engage in honest and open communication with Newport about problems • Resolve all problems in a professional, timely and courteous manner Novembere 2005 ❑❑i❑❑ MERRICK° NovembeW14, 2lTeUniral gpp,oecp,aoc ❑❑❑ autLoma 4u GLITY aowU GNs Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Overview of ONGIC Merrick employs numerous QC checks throughout the entire mapping process. However, we place our greatest concentration on the initial photogrammetric processes — aerial photography, control (AGPS and ground GPS), and aerotriangulation, as these tasks form the basis of final product quality and accuracy. Once these processes have been completed, any additional errors that are introduced to the process tend to be random and not systematic in nature. We also place significant emphasis on the final processing of the digital imagery. Our goal is to provide seamless, tonally - balanced imagery that supports our clients' aesthetic requirements. One of the greatest challenges of producing digital orthophotography is defining, with quantifiable criteria, the acceptability of imagery. What looks good to one end user may not to another. Thus, review of sample imagery and the prototype project are critical facets to this project. Newport's challenge will be to achieve consensus with all users. Merrick has extensive experience working with multiple entities on projects such as Newport's. We will assist in guiding any discussions concerning the imagery during the prototype review meeting. The flight plan is prepared and checked by the project manager to ensure proper photo coverage, flight height, and overlap. A copy of the recommended flight plan is submitted to Newport for review and approval prior to the flight mission. The film is processed and edited to verify that maximum allowable tolerances for crab, tip, and tilt have not been exceeded, and that optimum overlap has been maintained. The film review is completed by both AFS and Merrick. The film is also reviewed by Merrick's digital orthophotography specialists for clarity, contrast, and potential anomalies. Merrick feels that the use of a subcontractor helps ensure quality products. Merrick has significant experience reviewing film/imagery products and believes this component critical to the overall quality of any produced imagery. As such, we are extremely thorough in our review and acceptance of imagery. Merrick has several procedures used throughout the LIDAR mission that assures the elevation data meets the predefined accuracy standards. The primary QAJQC steps are summarized below: Mission Planning During the mission planning step, Merrick details the criteria of the project to make sure that the specifications can be easily met. Our QA/QC checklist and procedures are modified to meet the unique requirements of each project. Specific items that are checked during the mission planning are: • Datum verification • Obtain NGS reference information • Prepare safety plan III Input and verify flight line start/stop into Track'Air Navigation system ■ Input and verify altitude of each flight line November 74. 2005 °oi°❑ MERRICK° C:MadellnglNewprnil�etl�mral ApproacM1.tloc ULJLJ BUILDING DUOLIYY SOLUTIONS Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 37 ■ Inspect each flight line for potential flight line breaks In- flight Quality Inspection During the actual flight, the pilot and LIDAR Operator is in constant communication in the aircraft. Both are concentrating on flight navigation to assure that the appropriate area(s) are being mapped. Additionally, the in- flight operator is constantly monitoring satellite configuration, laser pulse output, and other system parameters. Merrick's two (2)- person, in- flight procedures are key components to acquiring high quality LIDAR data. GPS Planning In order to acquire accurate horizontal and vertical elevation data, the GPS portion of the project must be carefully planned and executed. To acquire elevation data that meets the required contour specifications, Merrick will need to have a minimum of six (6) available satellites and DOPS less than four (4). Previous experience has demonstrated that approximately 8 -10 hours of flight time are available per day. AGPS Base Station Placement and Number As previously mentioned, control would be achieved through the Airbome GPS (AGPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Position and Orientation (POS) technology. To complete this portion of the project, Merrick will provide base station support with two (2) receivers during aerial photography mission. Having two base stations operating during each LIDAR mission is a method to guarantee that the aircraft is no more than fifty (50) miles from a GPS base station. The additional receiver also provides redundant data in the unlikely event of a GPS equipment or satellite problem. GPS and IMU Field Inspection At the end of each flying mission, LIDAR, GPS and IMU data are inspected in the field. The primary items being inspected in the field are: • Area of coverage • Kinematic GPS results (A fully constrained network adjustment will be performed to check the accuracy of the base stations) • Inertial measurement results • Tie comparison between adjacent flight lines • x,y,z location of all ground retums with associated time stamp are inspected If any of the above items are questionable, additional re- flights will occur during the next flying mission. Filter Testing Filtering "bare earth" is accomplished using both off- the -shelf and custom software. Prior to filtering large amounts of data, testing is complete on various ground cover areas within the project. Comparisons are then accomplished between known elevation points and the filtered data. This allows Merrick to customize our filters and compensate for unique areas such as: bare earth and low grass; high grass and crops; fully covered coniferous trees; fully covered deciduous trees; and, urban. The end result of this procedure is a better defined elevation model representing bare earth. November 14, 2005 1111❑ O C: \maMehngWew nJemnirlArPlo Aoc 11011 MERRICK ❑❑❑ •UILOINO QUALITY ZOLUTIONO Proposal to Provide City — Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 38 Control Check Point Comparison After the filtering is complete, Merrick analyzes and compares the LIDAR data with known elevations. We anticipate being able to use the project's extensive control database to accomplish this step. ■ All AGPS projects are flown with at least two (2) ground stations. All ground stations are set up at pre - determined, multi -path free locations. Multiple ground stations provide data redundancy, which allows processing from one ground station to the other. ■ During the flight, all ground stations are monitored. Any interruption in operation can be conveyed to the flight crew via radio. ■ In the aircraft, GPS lock is monitored on the Trimble survey controller. All end -toms are kept to a 20- degree bank or less to reduce the risk of losing initialization. • At the end of the day's mission, all data is copied onto laptops creating multiple copies. • Post processing is done with a 15- degree mask angle, using the best satellite configuration for that day. The final submitted post processed file is the combined product of forward and reverse processing. O ■ Several GPS receivers, observing simultaneously, will be used in a "leap frog" approach to GPS observations. ■ All antenna heights will be measured in both meters and feet to guarantee and verify an accurate receiver setup. Survey data collected from the field by receivers will be checked daily by reviewing processed raw data and running loop closure checks. ■ Loop closure tests of the ground control GPS observations will be performed to validate the integrity of the data. Closures on the GPS network show the resulting precision ratio in parts per million (PPM). Results are shown for each day of observations and for the entire project. Coordinates are referenced to latitude and longitude, while height is an ellipsoid value. The total distance traveled along the traverse is displayed together with the accuracy in parts per million (PPM). Also, the mis- closure by the difference in X, Y and Z Cartesian coordinates (dx, dy, dz) is shown. Loop closures are done before any adjustment and before any constraint of the GPS network. The latitude and longitude coordinates and ellipsoid heights from loop closures are not to be used as final coordinates. ■ An error ellipse is used to show each point's expected horizontal coordinate standard error. The scale of the plots is shown by the bar ticks running through the ellipses and by the tag at the bottom of the page of the display indicating the bar scale tick value. The scale is the same for all pages of the displayed ellipses. The point name is shown at the lower left of each ellipse and the angle (measured counter - clockwise from the positive east bar scale) made by the major ellipse axis is shown at the lower right. The sigma scalar shows the ellipses in the 95% confidence region. November 14, 2005 tl ini�a! l❑ Eio MERRICK Moroam ex ❑o❑ BUILDING OU^U1Y OOLUT ONB November 14, 2005 Odmar ebng Newport \Ted niwf APPm MOoc Proposal to Provide City— Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach - • ■ The RMS results of the interior orientations are reviewed by the aerotriangulation technician for compliance with a set standard of <10 microns. ■ Potential auto - correlation matching errors are automatically flagged by the software and resolved by the aerotriangulation technician. • The analytical technician will review the soft pugged scanned imagery to verify not less than one (1) tie point per stereo model is common to the adjacent flight line, and that each stereo model contains not less than six (6) pass points. • During point mensuration on the softcopy analytical stereoplotters, independent model solutions are computed, and refined photo coordinates are checked to ensure that no point exceeds 10 microns of error. ■ During the mensuration process, the analytical technician wi(1 check for presence of gross errors, and take preventive measures during the intermediate adjustment procedures. Ground control checkpoints are used to verify the ground control survey and aerotriangulation. After the accuracy has been verified, the checkpoints will then be included in the final aerotriangulation and in all subsequent stereo model setups. ■ The aerotriangulation technician thoroughly reviews the residual and RMS results of the ALPS, ground control and terrain (matched) points from initial and final adjustments to ensure that the final results will support the accuracy requirements of the project. ■ The final bundle adjustment is reviewed by the aerotriangulation technician, discipline lead, project manager, and a Certified Photogrammetrist (CP). ■ An Aerotriangulat ion Report is generated, reviewed, and signed by the discipline lead, project manager, and a Certified Photogrammetrlst. .. . Image QAfQC • Aerial negatives are thoroughly reviewed by our digital imaging discipline lead for clarity, contrast, shadow detail, sun spots, and scratches. • White lintless cotton gloves are worn by technicians when film negatives are being reviewed and the table is thoroughly cleaned. • The DEM is evaluated using various isometric views to check for any "spikes." ■ DEM data are merged for a given block and the elevation data is graphically displayed relative to the project boundary to ensure that all areas will be correctly rectified. Ortho technicians validate that the DEM blocks overlap to ensure that there are no data gaps between blocks of imagery. ■ Ortho technicians review the location of seam lines and manually modify them to avoid height objects and to place them in monotone areas (through open field, along road centerlines, etc.). MERRICK0 autLOMM OUAUTY •OLUTIONI Proposal to Provide EMU City - Wide Aerial Photos and Contours City of Newport Beach Page 40 ■ Ortho Technicians review the block -wide image characteristics and modifies a histogram as necessary to adjust the overall tonal balance. IS Tonal balancing on a project -wide basis is reviewed to ensure consistent imagery and to specifically identify any breaks or processing failures. ■ A final visual inspection of each the is completed for aesthetics and anomalies (dust, lint, scratches, smears, building and bridge lean, etc.) ■ Visible control points are measured on the final orthophotos and are compared against the values of the survey control coordinates. An RMSE is calculated for all measured control points and compared against the accuracy standards for the project. C November 14, 2005 o °o MERRICW GMarkeLnglNewPOM1 \Terliniral Apploachdoc ❑ U BUILDING YULLITY BOLUTIONB N FlIghtplan for 2' Contours AF, A E 7 M 1-1�